Iodinated tyrosine derivatives

Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine and its active metabolites are essential for regulating metabolic rate, supporting heart and muscle function, promoting brain development, and maintaining bone health.

Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate.

hormones produced by the thyroid gland

Levothyroxine, also known as -thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. It is not indicated for weight loss. Levothyroxine is taken orally (by mouth) or given by intravenous injection. Levothyroxine has a half-life of 7.5 days when taken daily, so about six weeks is required for it to reach a steady level in the blood.

Diiodotyrosine (DIT) is a precursor in the production of thyroid hormone, and results from iodization of monoiodotyrosine at the other meta- position on the phenol ring.

Liothyronine is a manufactured form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). It is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.

pair of enantiomers

3-Iodotyrosine is an intermediate in the synthesis of thyroid hormones which is derived from iodination of tyrosine at the meta-position of the benzene ring. One unit can combine with diiodotyrosine to form triiodothyronine, as occurs in the colloid of the thyroid follicle. Two units can combine to form 3,3'-diiodothyronine.

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is an endogenous thyronamine. It is a high-affinity ligand of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). T1AM is the most potent endogenous TAAR1 agonist yet discovered. It is also an agonist of the TAAR2 and TAAR5 with similar potency as for the TAAR1 (all in the case of the human proteins). T1AM is not a ligand of the thyroid hormone receptors. However, it is additionally a ligand of various monoamine and other receptors. For instance, it is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist.

'''3,3'-Diiodothyronine, also known as 3,3'-T2''', is a metabolite of thyroid hormone.

Dextrothyroxine (trade name Choloxin) is a dextrorotary isomer of thyroxine. It saw research as a cholesterol-lowering drug but was pulled due to cardiac side-effects. It increases hepatic lipase which in turn improves utilization of triglycerides and decreases levels of lipoprotein(a) in blood serum.

'''3,3',5-Triiodothyronamine''' is a thyronamine.

3′-Monoiodothyronine is a monoiodinated thyronine.

3,5-Diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) is an active thyroid hormone within the class of iodothyronines. It has two iodine atoms at positions 3 and 5 of its inner ring.