Islam and other religions

'''''' (, ), is a type of taxation levied on non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law. The Quran and hadiths mention jizya without specifying its rate or amount, and the application of jizya varied in the course of Islamic history. However, scholars largely agree that early Muslim rulers adapted some of the existing systems of taxation and modified them according to Islamic religious law.

Kāfir (; ) is an Islamic term of Arabic origin used by Muslims to refer to non-Muslims who deny the God in Islam, reject his authority, and do not accept the message of Islam as truth.

Islamic term which refers to Jews, Christians and Sabians and is sometimes applied to members of other religions such as Zoroastrians

''''''' ( ', , collectively / "the people of the covenant") or '''''' () is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection and certain restrictions. The word literally means "protected person", referring to the state's obligation under sharia to protect the individual's life, property, as well as freedom of religion, in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax, in contrast to the zakat, or obligatory alms, paid by the Muslim subjects. Dhimmi were forbidden to bear arms and so did not perform military service and other privileges assigne

Indian saint

proclamation by Muhammad to end intertribal fighting in Medina

An iqta () and occasionally iqtaʿa () was an Islamic practice of farming out tax revenues yielded by land granted temporarily to army officials in place of a regular wage; it became common in the Muslim empire of the Caliphate. Iqta has been defined in Nizam-al-Mulk's Siyasatnama. Administrators of an Iqta were known as muqti or wali. They collected land revenue and looked after general administration. Muqtis (, "holder of an iqtaʿ") had no right to interfere with the personal life of a paying person if the person stayed on the muqtiʿ's land. They were expected to send the collected revenue (a

thumb|French Arabist Louis Massignon in [[Cairo]] An Arabist is someone, often but not always from outside the Arab world, who specialises in the study of the Arabic language and culture (usually including Arabic literature).

Muslim attitudes towards other religions

In Islamic law, najis () means ritually unclean. According to Islam, there are two kinds of najis: the essential najis which cannot be cleaned and the unessential najis which become najis while in contact with another najis.

apocryphal treaty between the Muslims and the Christians of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Jerusalem

' (, ) or corruption of the Bible', is a term used by most Muslims to refer to believed alterations made to the previous revelations of God—specifically those that make up the Tawrat or Torah, the Zabur or Psalms, and the Injil or Gospel. The term can also refer to what Muslims consider to be the corrupted Jewish and Christian interpretations of the previous revelations of God, known as "Tahrif al-Mana". This concept holds that earlier revelations have been misinterpreted rather than textually altered.

islamic demarcation of Muslim and non-Muslim lands

Saudi Imam

islamic term for offering security or pardon to enemies

Islamic religious complex

Convivencia (Spanish for "living together") is a term used by scholar Américo Castro to describe a period in Spanish history from the Muslim Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the 700s to the expulsion of the Jews in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. It claims that in the different Moorish Iberian kingdoms, the Muslims, Christians and Jews lived in relative peace. This idea suggests that medieval Spain was a place of religious tolerance and cultural exchange-very different from later periods when only Catholicism was allowed.

book of Ziaur Rahman Azmi on world's major religions

relationships between two monotheistic religions

сomparison between the texts of the Bible and the Quran

Dhimmitude is a neologism characterizing the status of non-Muslims under Muslim rule, popularized by the Egyptian-born British writer Bat Ye'or in the 1980s and 1990s. It is constructed from the Arabic dhimmi, "non-Muslim living in an Islamic state". Akbarzadeh and Roose suggest that Ye'or equates Dhimmitude with servitude.

Mohammedan is a historical term used to denote a follower of Muhammad, the Islamic prophet. It is used as both a noun and an adjective, meaning belonging or relating to, either Muhammad or the religion, doctrines, institutions and practices that he established. The word was formerly common in usage, but the terms Muslim and Islamic are more common today. Though sometimes used stylistically by some Muslims, a vast majority consider the term archaic or a misnomer, as it suggests that Muslims worship Muhammad himself instead of the God in Islam.

1989 letter from Iran's ruler to the leader of the Soviet Union

Mustaʾmīn or '''Musta'man' () is a historical Islamic term for a non-Muslim foreigner temporarily residing in Muslim lands with aman, or guarantee of short-term safe-conduct (aman mu'aqqat''), affording the protected status of dhimmi (non-Muslim subjects permanently living in a Muslim-ruled land) without the payment of jizya.

overview of the relationship between the religions of Jainism and Islam

comparison between Islam and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Arabic term meaning "people of the time period" in Islam

book by Robert G. Hoyland