Islam-related controversies

thumb|upright=1.35|14th-century miniature of the Battle of Dorylaeum (1147), a [[Second Crusade battle, from the ''Estoire d'Eracles''|alt=Medieval illustration of a battle during the Second Crusade]]

Salafi jihadist militant Sunni Islamist group

Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Islamist jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate. Its membership is mostly composed of Arabs but also includes people from other ethnic groups. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets of the U.S. and its allies; such as the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, the USS Cole bombing, and the September 11 attacks. It has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations and over two dozen countries ar

The Taliban, officially known as the Islamic Movement of Taliban, also referring to themselves by their state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is an Afghan political and militant organization with an ideology comprising elements of the Deobandi movement of Islamic fundamentalism and Pashtun nationalism. It ruled approximately 90% of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, before it was overthrown by an American-led invasion after the September 11 attacks carried out by the Taliban's ally al-Qaeda. Following a 20-year insurgency and the departure of coalition forces, the Taliban recaptured Kabu

Islamism is a range of religious and political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is superior to communism, liberal democracy, capitalism, and other alternatives in achieving a just, successful society. The advocates of Islamism, also known as "al-Islamiyyun", are usually affiliated with Islamic institutions or social mobilization movements, emphasizing the implementation of sharia, pan-Islamic political unity, and the creation of Islamic states.

ongoing military and political conflict in the Levant

thumb|Women wearing burqas in Afghanistan

A niqāb, niqab, or niqaab (; ), also known as a ruband () or rubandah (), is a long garment worn by some Muslim women, in order to cover their entire body and face, excluding their eyes. It is an interpretation in Islam of the concept of hijab, and is worn in public and in all other places where a woman may encounter non-mahram men. Most prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, the niqab is a controversial clothing item in many parts of the world, including in some Muslim-majority countries.

1988 novel by Salman Rushdie

The Passion of the Christ is a 2004 American epic biblical drama film co-produced and directed by Mel Gibson from a screenplay he wrote with Benedict Fitzgerald. It is the first installment of The Passion of the Christ film series. The film stars Jim Caviezel as Jesus, Maia Morgenstern as his mother Mary, and Monica Bellucci as Mary Magdalene. It depicts the arrest, trial and crucifixion of Jesus, largely according to the canonical gospels as well as additional accounts such as the purported mystical visions by Anne Catherine Emmerich and the Friday of Sorrows.

Horn of Africa-based Islamist movement affiliated with al-Qaeda

Indian religious leader (1835–1908)

Syrian islamist organization

controversy relating to the publication of depictions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

2014 film directed by Darren Aronofsky

2022 animated film by Angus MacLane

set of terrorist acts or campaign committed by individuals or groups who profess or claim to profess Islamic or Islamist motivations or goals

ideology, which equals 'return to Islam'

In Islam, taqiyya () is a concept that refers to a Muslim concealing their faith or religious identity to protect themselves from danger. Although the term stems mainly from discrimination against the minority Shiite tradition, it is also considered a legitimate practice under certain conditions in Sunni sources. The practice of concealing one's beliefs has existed since the early days of Islam; early Muslims did so to avoid persecution or violence by non-Muslim governments or individuals.

historical and current criticism of the Islamic religion, its teachings, actions, omissions, structure, nature or founders

American-Yemeni imam and suspected Islamist extremist (1971–2011)

conspiracy theory

Jihadism is a neologism for modern, armed militant Islamic movements that seek to establish states based on Islamic principles. In a narrower sense, it refers to the belief that armed confrontation is an efficient and theologically legitimate method of socio-political change towards an Islamic system of governance. The term "jihadism" has been applied to various Islamic extremist or Islamist individuals and organizations with militant ideologies based on the classical Islamic notion of lesser jihad.

rumor that Jews killed Christians to use blood in ceremonies

form of feminist discourse concerned with the role of women in Islam; aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in public and private life; advocates for women's rights, gender equality, and social justice grounded in Islam

Jihadist militant group in the southwestern Philippines

pseudepigraphical gospel written in the Late Middle Ages

symbol

islamist militant organization operating along the Durand Line

Southeast Asian salafist yihadist organization

Persian sasanian soldier, murder of caliph Omar

utterances mistaken for Islamic revelation

body of Islamic thought about slavery

Islamofascism is a portmanteau of the words fascism and Islamism or Islamic fundamentalism, which advocate authoritarianism and violent extremism to establish an Islamic state, in addition to promoting offensive Jihad. For example, Qutbism has been characterized as an Islamofascist and Islamic terrorist ideology.

Islamic religious police in Iran

French physician and author (1920–1998)

separation of people according to their sex

extreme or radical form of Islam

1995 song

Shia Islamist militant group based in Iraq

military and political conflict in northern Syria

protests and attacks occurring in response to a trailer for the film Innocence of Muslims, beginning on September 11, 2012

enforcement agency

Former Governor of Jakarta, Vice Governor of Jakarta

suspecting, targeting or discriminating against someone due to ethnicity, religion, or nationality, rather than on individual suspicion or evidence

Arab Spring protests in Saudi Arabia

Turkish-German actor (born 1985)

mosque in Germany

criminal case

thumb|10th of Muharram, 19th-century painting by Fausto Zonaro Tatbir () is a form of self-flagellation rituals practiced by some Shia Muslims in commemoration of the killing of Imam Husayn ibn Ali and his partisans in the Battle of Karbala by forces of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I ().

Ikhtilāf () is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma.

secular and theological arguments against the prophecy of Muhammad

action day

Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric (c.1627 – 1699)

term used for period of Indonesian history under President Suharto 1966-1998

male circumcision carried out as an Islamic rite

thumb|right|300px|Map of the Mihna and events associated with itThe Mihna () was a period of religious persecution instituted by the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun in 833 in which Sunni scholars were punished, imprisoned, or even killed unless they conformed to Mu'tazilite doctrine. The policy lasted for eighteen years (833–851) as it continued through the reigns of al-Ma'mun's immediate successors, al-Mu'tasim and al-Wathiq, and four years of al-Mutawakkil who reversed it in 851.

transnational Sunni Islamist religious-political ideology

Takfiri is an Arabic and Islamic term denoting a Muslim who excommunicates one of their coreligionists—i.e., who accuses another Muslim of being an apostate, or , 'one who turns back'.

history of slavery in Islamic lands