Ikhtilaf

Ikhtilāf () is an Islamic scholarly religious disagreement, and is hence the opposite of ijma.

==Direction in Quran== According to Verse of Obedience, disagreements about any religious matter are to be arbitrated by referring to the Quran and Sunnah to dismiss ikhtilaf and to avoid taqlid. While those in authority are absent from arbitration in that verse, they are mentioned in verse 4:83, which includes the passage, "And whenever tidings come unto them, whether of security or fear, they spread it about, whereas had they referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, those of them whose task it is to investigate would have known it." This argument has been attributed to Muhammad al-Baqir (), which also appears in ''al-Jami' li-ahkam al-Quran by the Sunni al-Qurtubi ().