Islamic criminal jurisprudence

Repudiation of Islam

Zināʾ () or zinā ( or ) is an Islamic legal term referring to unlawful sexual intercourse. According to traditional jurisprudence, zina can include adultery, fornication, prostitution, sodomy, incest, and bestiality. Zina must be proved by testimony of four Muslim eyewitnesses to the actual act of penetration, confession repeated four times and not retracted later. The offenders must have acted of their own free will. Rapists could be prosecuted under different legal categories which used normal evidentiary rules. Accusing zina without presenting the required eyewitnesses is called qadhf (), w

Qisas or Qiṣāṣ () is an Islamic term interpreted to mean "retaliation in kind", "eye for an eye", or retributive justice. Qisas (along with its alternative punishment of blood money, aka diyya, compensation paid by the offender, which is applied in cases where retaliation conditions are not met) is one of several forms of punishment in classical/traditional Islamic criminal jurisprudence, the others being hudud and ''ta'zir''.

In traditional Islamic jurisprudence, Hudud (also transliterated as Hadood, Hadud, Hudood, ; sing.: Hadd ), meaning "borders, boundaries, limits", refers to punishments (ranging from public lashing, public stoning to death (disputed by some modern scholars), amputation of hands (or fingers for Shi'a for high thief) , crucifixion, depending on the crime), for several specific crimes (drinking alcohol, illicit sexual intercourse, false accusations of adultery, theft, apostasy from Islam, highway robbery, revolt against the ruler who is not unjust. some of these punishments are disputed by moder

laws of sexuality in Islam

Retaliatory compensation in Islamic law

In Islamic law, tazir ('''''ta'zeer, ta'zir or ta’dhir''', lit. scolding, "to punish") refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge (Qadi) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major categories of punishments or sanctions under Islamic law (sharia, the other two or three being hadd, and qisas/diyya''). Contrary to the lightness implied in "scolding", these discretionary punishments can range from a warning from the judge to corporal punishment such as flogging, fines, imprisonment, exile, and in extreme cases execution.

Stoning

Jewish martyr (1817–1834)

criminal law in line with Sharia prescriptions

In Islam, Maisir ( or qimâr) refers to gambling. Maisir is totally prohibited by Islamic law (Sharia) on the grounds that:the agreement between participants is based on immoral inducement provided by entirely wishful hopes in the participants' minds that they will gain by mere chance, with no consideration for the possibility of loss.

sexual violation as interpreted in Islamic theological jurisprudence

In Islamic law, ḥirabah () is a legal category that comprises highway robbery (traditionally understood as aggravated robbery or grand larceny, unlike theft, which has a different punishment), rape, and terrorism. Ḥirābah means piracy or unlawful warfare. It comes from the triliteral root ḥrb, which means “to become angry and enraged”. The noun ḥarb (, pl. ḥurūb ) means 'war' or 'wars'.