Hudud
Sign in to saveIn traditional Islamic jurisprudence, Hudud (also transliterated as Hadood, Hadud, Hudood, ; sing.: Hadd ), meaning "borders, boundaries, limits", refers to punishments (ranging from public lashing, public stoning to death (disputed by some modern scholars), amputation of hands (or fingers for Shi'a for high thief) , crucifixion, depending on the crime), for several specific crimes (drinking alcohol, illicit sexual intercourse, false accusations of adultery, theft, apostasy from Islam, highway robbery, revolt against the ruler who is not unjust. some of these punishments are disputed by moder
Article
32 sectionsContents
- Scriptural basis
- Quran
- Theft (''sariqa'')
- Hirabah
- Zina
- Qadhf
- Drinking alcohol
- Hadiths
- ''Hudud'' offences and punishments
- Difference in number
- Offenses
- Differences among schools
- Nonhudud crimes
- History
- Post-colonial era
- Zina
- Judicial amputation
- Crucifixion
- Requirements for conviction
- Illegal sex
- Theft
- Efficacy
- Amputation
- Disputes and debates over reform
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Sources
- Further reading
- Short overviews
- General references
- Specific topics
In traditional Islamic jurisprudence, Hudud (also transliterated as Hadood, Hadud, Hudood, ; sing.: Hadd ), meaning "borders, boundaries, limits", refers to punishments (ranging from public lashing, public stoning to death (disputed by some modern scholars), amputation of hands (or fingers for Shi'a for high thief) , crucifixion, depending on the crime), for several specific crimes (drinking alcohol, illicit sexual intercourse, false accusations of adultery, theft, apostasy from Islam, highway robbery, revolt against the ruler who is not unjust. some of these punishments are disputed by modern scholars of Islam like punishment for apostasy from Islam as having no basis in Islamic law and contrary to Quranic teaching of no compulsion in religion), for which punishments have been determined by verses of Quran or hadith.
Hudud is one of three categories of crime and punishment in classical Islamic literature, the other two being Qisas ("eye for an eye")–Diya (paying victims compensation), and Ta'zeer, (punishment left to the judge's or ruler's discretion). Hudud are crimes "against God", and cover the punishments given to those who exceed the "limits of God" (hududullah), associated with the Quran and in some cases inferred from hadith. (Qisas, Diya, and Ta'zeer deal with "crimes against man".)