Jain philosophical concepts

thumb|Illustration of reincarnation in Hindu art right|thumb|In Jainism, a [[soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas.]]

Karma (, from , ; ) is an ancient Indian concept that refers to an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences. In Indian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle of cause and effect, often descriptively called the principle of karma, wherein individuals' intent and actions (cause) influence their future (effect): Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and happier rebirths, while bad intent and bad deeds contribute to bad karma and worse rebirths. In some scriptures, however, there is no link between rebirth and karma.

Nirvana, in the Indian religions (Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism), is the concept of an individual's passions being extinguished as the ultimate state of salvation, release, or liberation from suffering (duḥkha) and from the cycle of birth and rebirth (saṃsāra).

Dharma (; , ) is a key concept in various Indian religions. The term dharma does not have a single, clear translation and conveys a multifaceted idea. Etymologically, it comes from the Sanskrit dhr-, meaning to hold or to support, thus referring to the law that sustains things—from one's life to society, and to the Universe at large. In its most commonly used sense, dharma refers to an individual's moral responsibilities or duties; the dharma of a farmer differs from the dharma of a soldier, thus making the concept of dharma dynamic. As with the other components of the Puruṣārtha, the concept

thumb|According to the Rebirth (Buddhism)|rebirth doctrine of Buddhism, a sentient being can reincarnate into six realms of existence. The [[bhavachakra depicts this cycle of saṃsāra in a wheel. Yama, the god of death, is at the top of the outer rim. The outer rim shows the Twelve Nidānas doctrine.]]

Moksha (, ; , '), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti', is a term in Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, liberation, nirvana, or release. In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from saṃsāra, the cycle of death and rebirth. In its epistemological and psychological senses, moksha'' is freedom from ignorance: self-realization, self-actualization and self-knowledge.

thumb|Lord Mahavira, the twenty-fourth tirthankara of Jainism, and "torch-bearer" of ahimsa

cardinal virtue of control over excess

Brahmacharya (; Sanskrit: Devanagari: ब्रह्मचर्य) is the concept within Indian religions that literally means "conduct consistent with Brahman" or "on the path of Brahman". Brahmacharya, a discipline of controlling the senses, is seen as a way to liberation. Though sexual restraint is a part of brahmacharya, brahmacharya encompasses all striving toward a passionless state.

' (Pali: ') is a Sanskrit term that refers to benevolence, loving-kindness, friendliness, amity, good will, and active interest in others. The term appears in various ancient and medieval Indian texts, such as the Upanishads, Jain Sutras and Buddhist Suttas. Within Buddhism, it is notably the first of the four sublime states (), one of the ten of Theravāda Buddhism, and expounded upon in the Metta Sutta.

heat, spiritual concept, asceticism in Indian religions

'''''' () is generally translated as compassion or mercy and sometimes as self-compassion or spiritual longing. It is a significant spiritual concept in the Indic religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism.

thumb|360px| is an important concept and virtue in Indian religions. [[Rigveda, dated to be from , offers the earliest discussion of . It appears in the fifth and sixth lines in this Rigveda manuscript image.]]' (Sanskrit: ; IAST: ) is a Sanskrit word, usually translated as "truth" or "essence'.“ Across Indian religions, satya is a deeply valued virtue, signifying the alignment of one's thoughts, speech, and actions with reality. In Yoga philosophy, particularly in Patañjali's Yoga Sutras, Satya is one of the five yamas—moral restraints designed to cultivate truthfulness and prevent the distor

'''''' (, "many-sidedness") is the Jain doctrine about metaphysical truths that emerged in ancient India. It states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects and viewpoints.

' (Sanskrit: , IAST: ) or ' (Sanskrit: ; IAST: ) is the Sanskrit term for "non-stealing". It is a virtue in Jainism. The practice of demands that one must not steal, nor have the intent to steal, another's property through action, speech, and thoughts.

Vairāgya () is a Sanskrit term used in Jainism and Hinduism as well as Eastern philosophy that roughly translates as dispassion, detachment, or renunciation, in particular renunciation from the pains and pleasures in the temporary material world. The Hindu philosophers who advocated vairāgya told their followers that it is a means to achieve moksha.

Sanskrit term for mental impressions

thumb|right|Rigveda manuscript, [[Sanskrit in Devanagari script, India, early 19th century]]

Omniscience in Jainism

soul status concept of Jainism

description of the universe in Jain texts

godliness is said to be the inherent quality of every soul

In Jainism, Pudgala (or '') is one of the six dravyas, or aspects of reality that fabricate the world we live in. The six dravyas include the jiva and the fivefold divisions of ajiva (non-living) category: dharma (motion), adharma (rest), akasha (space), pudgala (matter) and kala (time). Pudgala, like other dravyas except kala is called astikaya'' in the sense that it occupies space.

thumb|Samavasarana of Tirthankara thumb|Rakesh Jhaveri#Shrimad Rajchandra Mission|Raj Sabhagruh, Spiritual and convention complex at Shrimad Rajchandra Ashram Dharampur whose architecture is inspired by Samovasaran.

Viveka () is a Sanskrit and Pali term translated into English as discernment or discrimination. In the Vedanta, viveka is considered to be the first requirement of the spiritual journey, the next being vairagya (detachment), as a natural extension of viveka. Advaita Vedanta Darshana interprets viveka as discrimination between the real (Satya) and the unreal (asatya). Visistadvaita Vedanta Darshana interprets viveka as discrimination of food.

'''' (Devanagari: ) is a Sanskrit term denoting the established and accepted view of any particular school within Indian philosophy; literally "settled opinion or doctrine, dogma, axiom, received or admitted truth; any fixed or established or canonical text-book on any subject" (from siddha'', adj. mfn.- accomplished, fulfilled; that has attained the highest object, thoroughly skilled or versed in).

thumb|The three Shikhara|shikhar (top) of a [[Jain temple represents Ratnatraya (three jewels)]] The ratnatraya are the three jewels of Jainism, namely samyak darshana (right faith or view), samyak gyana (right knowledge), and samyak charitra (right conduct), which constitute the path to liberation.

thumb|Classification of the six eternal substances

thumb|Six leśyā depicted by colors and parable of tree in miniature from 17th c., Saṁgrahaṇīratna by Śrīcandra, in Prakrit with a Gujarati commentary. Jain Śvetāmbara cosmological text with commentary and illustrations.

liberation, salvation or emancipation of soul in Jainism

thumb|Springtime by Émile Vernon, an artistic depiction of seasonal vitality Vitality (, , ) is the capacity to live, grow, or develop. Vitality is also the characteristic that distinguishes living from non-living things. To experience vitality is regarded as a basic psychological drive and, in philosophy, a component to the will to live. As such, people seek to maximize their vitality or their experience of vitality—that which corresponds to an enhanced physiological capacity and mental state.

thumb|Dravya

term used for heavenly beings in Jainism

Asrava (āsrava "influx") is one of the tattva or the fundamental reality of the world as per the Jain philosophy. It refers to the influence of body and mind causing the soul to generate karma.

Samatva (Sanskrit: समत्व, also rendered samatvam or samata) is the Hindu concept of equanimity. Its root is sama (सम) meaning – equal or even. Sāmya - meaning equal consideration towards all human beings - is a variant of the word.

spiritual phrase in Jainism

Samvara (saṃvara) is one of the tattva or the fundamental reality of the world as per the Jain philosophy. It means stoppage—the stoppage of the influx of the material karmas into the soul consciousness. The karmic process in Jainism is based on seven truths or fundamental principles (tattva) of Jainism which explain the human predicament. Out of the seven, the four influxes (āsrava), bondage (bandha), stoppage (saṃvara) and release (nirjarā)—pertain to the karmic process.

passions which must be purged