Jewish polities

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. It is bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Israel occupies the West Bank and the Gaza Strip of the Palestinian territories, as well as the Syrian Golan Heights. Israel's western coast lies on the Mediterranean Sea, its southern tip reaches the Red Sea, and to the east is Earth's lowest point near the Dead Sea. Jerusalem is the government seat and proclaimed capital, while Tel Aviv is Israel's largest urban area and economic centre

federal subject of Russia

The Khazars () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who established a major commercial empire in the late 6th century CE spanning the south of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, and western Kazakhstan. It was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan

Israelite Kingdom, whose capital was Jerusalem and Hebron, c. 930–586 BCE

Northern Israelite kingdom, c. 930–720 BCE

possible Israelite kingdom of Israel and Judah (c. 1047–930 BCE)

Himyar was a polity in the southern highlands of Yemen, as well as the name of the region which it claimed. Until 110 BCE, it was integrated into the Qatabanian kingdom; afterward, it was recognized as an independent kingdom. According to classical sources, their capital was the ancient city of Zafar, relatively near the modern-day city of Sanaa. Himyarite power eventually shifted to Sanaa as the population increased in the fifth century. After the establishment of their kingdom, it was ruled by kings from the dhū-Raydān tribe. The kingdom was named Raydān.

Ancient kingdom in Al-Andalus (1012-1090

Akhzivland () is a micronation between the Israeli town of Nahariya and the Lebanese border on the Mediterranean coast of northern Israel, founded by Eli Avivi in 1971. The micronation is promoted by the Israel Ministry of Tourism.

province of the ancient Achaemenid Empire

Jewish monarchy in Judea and surrounding regions during the Second Temple period (140–37 BCE)

Ancient kingdom of Beta Israel

The Brutakhi were a Jewish polity of uncertain location and origin during the early 13th century.