Large language models

language model built with very large amounts of texts

chatbot developed by xAI

Claude is a series of large language models developed by Anthropic and first released in 2023. Since Claude 3, each generation has typically been released in three sizes, from least to most capable: Haiku, Sonnet, and Opus. An additional model named Claude Mythos was released to some companies in 2026 but not to the public.

type of large language model

family of language models by Google DeepMind

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a large language model developed by OpenAI and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models.

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020.

Qwen (also known as Tongyi Qianwen, ; pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen variants are distributed as open‑weight models under the Apache‑2.0 license, while others are served through Alibaba Cloud.

large language model by Meta AI

deep learning artificial neural network language model

LaMDA (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) is a family of conversational large language models developed by Google. Originally developed and introduced as Meena in 2020, the first-generation LaMDA was announced during the 2021 Google I/O keynote, while the second generation was announced the following year.

techniques that enable large-scale language models to retrieve and incorporate new information from external data sources

GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is a multilingual, multimodal generative pre-trained transformer developed by OpenAI and released in May 2024. It can process and generate text, images and audio.

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) is a large language model by OpenAI and the second in their foundational series of GPT models. GPT-2 was pre-trained on a dataset of 8 million web pages. It was partially released in February 2019, followed by full release of the 1.5-billion-parameter model on November 5, 2019.

PaLM (Pathways Language Model) is a 540 billion-parameter dense decoder-only transformer-based large language model (LLM) developed by Google AI. Researchers also trained smaller versions of PaLM (with 8 and 62 billion parameters) to test the effects of model scale.

GPT-5 is a multimodal large language model developed by OpenAI and the fifth in its series of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) foundation models. Preceded in the series by GPT-4, it was launched on August 7, 2025. It is publicly accessible to users of the chatbot products ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot as well as to developers through the OpenAI API.

chatbot developed by Baidu

You.com is an artificial intelligence search startup that has pivoted away from consumer search engine operations toward business-focused AI tools and APIs.

AI agent

LangChain is a software framework that helps facilitate the integration of large language models (LLMs) into applications. As a language model integration framework, LangChain's use-cases largely overlap with those of language models in general, including document analysis and summarization, chatbots, and code analysis.

algorithms to detect AI-generated content

metaphor to describe the theory that large language models, though able to generate plausible language, do not understand the meaning of the language they process

GPT-4.5 (codenamed "Orion") is a large language model developed by OpenAI as part of the GPT series. Officially released on February 27, 2025, GPT-4.5 is available to users subscribed to the ChatGPT Plus and Pro plans across web, mobile, and desktop platforms. Access was also provided through the OpenAI API and Developer Playground until July 14, 2025. On August 7, 2025, with the release of GPT-5, GPT-4.5 was removed from both the API and ChatGPT users with the Plus and Teams tier, while Pro users are still able to access to GPT-4.5 model under the "Legacy Models" tab.

benchmark for large language models

right|thumb|Original GPT architecture Generative Pre-trained Transformer 1 (GPT-1) was the first of OpenAI's large language models following Google's invention of the transformer architecture in 2017. In June 2018, OpenAI released a paper entitled "Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training", in which they introduced that initial model along with the general concept of a generative pre-trained transformer.

2024 AI model from OpenAI

large language model developed by OpenAI

language models designed for reasoning tasks

reasoning language model

GPT-J or GPT-J-6B is an open-source large language model (LLM) developed by EleutherAI in 2021. As the name suggests, it is a generative pre-trained transformer model designed to produce human-like text that continues from a prompt. The optional "6B" in the name refers to the fact that it has 6 billion parameters. The model is available on GitHub, but the web interface no longer communicates with the model. Development stopped in 2021.

Open-access multilingual language model

computer security attack against language-processing systems

website that allows you to test various large language models

GPT-4.1 is a large language model within OpenAI's GPT series. It was released on April 14, 2025. GPT-4.1 can be accessed through the OpenAI API or the OpenAI Developer Playground. Three different models were simultaneously released: GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini, and GPT-4.1 nano. Since May 14, GPT-4.1 has been available for users subscribed to the ChatGPT Plus and Pro plans, and GPT-4.1 mini that replaces GPT-4o mini is available for all ChatGPT users.

GigaChat is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by the Russian financial services corporation Sberbank. It was launched in a closed testing mode in April 2023 and is positioned as a Russian alternative to ChatGPT.

artificial intelligence chatbot developed by Yandex

family of large language models by Google

GPTZero is an artificial intelligence detection software developed to identify artificially generated text, such as those produced by large language models.

language model by DeepMind

Cohere Inc. is a Canada-based international technology company focused on artificial intelligence. Cohere specializes in large language models and AI products for regulated industries, particularly the finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and energy fields, as well as the public sector. Cohere was founded in 2019 by Aidan Gomez, Ivan Zhang, and Nick Frosst and is headquartered in Toronto and San Francisco, with offices in Montreal, London, New York City, Paris, and Seoul.

DBRX is a large language model (LLM) developed by Mosaic under its parent company Databricks, released on March 27, 2024 under the Databricks Open Model License. It is a mixture-of-experts transformer model, with 132 billion parameters in total. 36 billion parameters (4 out of 16 experts) are active for each token. The released model comes in either a base foundation model version or an instruction-tuned variant.

2023 text-generating language model

large language model-based chatbot

llama.cpp is an open source software library that performs inference on various large language models such as Llama. It is co-developed alongside the project, a general-purpose tensor library.

VideoPoet is a large language model developed by Google Research in 2023 for video making. It can be asked to animate still images. The model accepts text, images, and videos as inputs, with a program to add feature for any input to any format generated content. VideoPoet was publicly announced on December 19, 2023. It uses an autoregressive language model.

Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) is a popular benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models. It inspired several other versions and spin-offs, such as MMLU-Pro, MMMLU and MMLU-Redux.

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large language model developed by Huawei

GPT-5.1 is a family of four large language models within OpenAI's GPT series. Two were released on November 12, 2025; two more were released one week later on November 19.

GPT-5.2 is a large language model by OpenAI, released on December 11, 2025. Succeeding GPT-5.1, it is a family of three large language models within the GPT series. It comes in two modes: GPT-5.2 instant and GPT-5.2 thinking (with standard and extended thinking), with the latter being a reasoning model. A GPT-5.2 Pro model was released on the same day, which takes more reasoning time and compute than GPT-5.2 thinking. OpenAI also released a variant specialized for coding, GPT-5.2-Codex. The successor, GPT-5.3-Codex, was released on February 5, 2026, and by the following month, GPT-5.4, was rel

multilingual, open-source chatbot developed by Swiss AI

Undetectable AI (or Undetectable.ai) is an artificial intelligence content detection and modification software designed to identify and alter artificially generated text, such as that produced by large language models.