Mammal reproductive system

The urethra (: urethras or urethrae) is the tube that transports urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus of the penis or vulva in placental mammals. In males, it also transports semen through the penis during ejaculation.

Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testicles or the ovaries—that may result in diminished production of sex hormones. Low androgen (e.g., testosterone) levels are referred to as hypoandrogenism and low estrogen (e.g., estradiol) as hypoestrogenism. These are responsible for the observed signs and symptoms in both males and females.

regulators of feedback on FSH-production

layer of connective tissue

An ovotestis is a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects. In humans, ovotestes are an infrequent anatomical variation associated with gonadal dysgenesis. The only mammals where ovotestes are not characteristic of an infrequent variation are moles, wherein females possess ovotestes along with a masculinized clitoris. These ovotestes in nonpregnant female moles secrete eight times as much testosterone as the ovotestes of pregnant moles. In invertebrates that are normally hermaphroditic, such as most gastropods (snails and slugs) in the clade Eupulmonata, an ovotestis is a common feature

anterior part of the perineum

Capacitation is a process sperm must undergo to prepare to fertilize an egg. This is a process that mature spermatozoa undergo after entering the oviduct and uterus of the female reproductive tract. Sperm must undergo capacitation and the acrosome reaction to be able to penetrate through the outer layers of an oocyte, namely the cumulus ooporus and the zona pellucida. Capacitation results in hyperactivation of sperm motility, with the acrosome and cortical reaction following this. Compounds such as heparin and progesterone can be used to induce capacitation.

medical condition