Mammal subfamilies

Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae, often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: )). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . They are sometimes classified as a separate family.

Lonchophyllinae is a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats.

Heteromyinae is a subfamily of rodents in the family Heteromyidae, commonly known as spiny pocket mice. It contains a single extant genus, Heteromys, as well as the extinct genera Diprionomys and Metaliomys. Heteromys was recently enlarged by inclusion of the members of formerly recognized heteromyine genus Liomys, which was found to be paraphyletic.

Orcininae is a contested subfamily of oceanic dolphins composed of 1 living and 3 extinct genera. It may be superseded by Delphinidae. Its only extant member is the orca (Orcinus orca); all other extant genera formerly classified in it have been moved out.

The subfamily Cynopterinae ("flying dogs") comprises 24 species of pteropodid bats distributed exclusively in South and Southeast Asia.

Genettinae is a subfamily of the feliform viverrids. It contains all of the genet species (genus Genetta) and the oyan species (genus Poiana).

Elasmotheriinae is an extinct subfamily of true rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae) that roamed across Afro-Eurasia and possibly North America from the Early Miocene (or possibly as early as the Eocene, depending on what taxa are included) to the Late Pleistocene. It is best known from the youngest member of the group, Elasmotherium, one of the largest true rhinoceroses, which survived until at least 39,000 years ago in eastern Europe and Central Asia.

Phocinae (known colloquially as "Northern seals") is a subfamily of Phocidae whose distribution is found in the seas surrounding the Holarctic, with the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) being one of the world's only freshwater species of pinniped. What distinguishes them from other phocid seals is the presence of well-developed claws on their front and back flippers. The Phocinae is divided into three extant tribes: Erignathini (represented by the sole extant bearded seal Erignathus barbatus), Cystophorini (another extant monotypic tribe represented by hooded seal Cystophora cristata), and Phocini

Ailurinae is a subfamily of Ailuridae (of which this is the only extant subfamily out of three). While it is represented by the extant genus Ailurus, there were a handful of genera whose fossils have been found across the Holarctic region. These include the Middle Miocene Magerictis of Spain, the Early Pliocene Pristinailurus of the United States of America and their sister taxon Parailurus of Eurasia and North America in the Pliocene. Unlike Ailurus which is a specialized arboreal bamboo forager, the extinct ailurine species were more generalized and spent their time foraging on the ground.

Cardiocraniinae is a subfamily of rodents in the family Dipodidae, named by the Russian zoologist Boris Stepanovich Vinogradov (1891–1958) in 1925. These jumping rodents are small mammals, less than 20 cm long.

Sivatheriinae is an extinct subfamily of giraffids characterized by their robust size, short limbs, and the presence of large complicated ossicones in males. These animals lived in Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe from the late Miocene and early Pleistocene.

Listriodontinae was an extinct subfamily of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene in Europe, Africa, and Asia.

The Rousettinae are a subfamily of megabats. Taxa within this subfamily include:

The megabat subfamily Macroglossusinae is within the family Pteropodidae.

Hyaenodontinae ("hyena teeth") is an extinct subfamily of predatory placental mammals from extinct family Hyaenodontidae. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early Eocene to early Miocene deposits in Europe, Asia and North America.

REDIRECT Elephantidae

Hyotheriinae was a subfamily of even-toed ungulates that existed during the Miocene and Pliocene in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

REDIRECT Mellivora

Epomophorinae is a subfamily of megabat. It was established as a subfamily in 1997. Epomophorine bats are found only in Africa.

Baranomyinae is an extinct subfamily of rodent from the Cricetidae, that inhabited Asia, Europe, North America in Pliocene epoch. It was first described by Miklós Kretzoi in 1955.

REDIRECT Proailurus