Materials science

thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature

thumb|From a copy of "Decorative Patterns of the Ancient world," by Sir Flinders Petrie.

thumb|Metallography allows the metallurgist to study the microstructure of metals. thumb|A micrograph of bronze revealing a cast dendritic structure 200px |thumb |right |Aluminium|Al-Si microstructure

thumb|Color cathodoluminescence of a diamond in Scanning electron microscope|SEM, real colors

type of crystal structure

thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, quantitatively measured by relative molar standard Gibbs energies

engineering event in which the structural integrity of a construction is compromised by failure of components of the structure

physical phenomenon

characterizes how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor, when pulled by an electric field

point defect in a crystal

substance within a material differing from its overall composition

a technique for the determination of the surface structure of single-crystalline materials

after a first nucleation, second step of crystallization consisting in the regular accretion of atoms or ions at the surface of the crystal

Process for the commercial production of pure titanium and zirconium

method of imaging using a wide range of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum

vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice

Rules for elements dissolving in a solid metal

thumb|The Manx Electric Railway on the [[Isle of Man still operates with its original tramcars and trailers, all of which are over one hundred years old, the latest dating from 1906.]]

Type of equipment for determining tensile or compressive strength of a material

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In electromagnetism, electrostriction is a property of all electrical non-conductor or dielectrics. Electrostriction causes these materials to change their shape under the application of an electric field. It is the dual property to magnetostriction.

oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source

high-pressure device used in scientific experiments

process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured

sources of electricity or hydrogen via electrolysis

property of materials where the material's stress/strain characteristics change as a result of the microscopic stress distribution of the material

material's strength (force per unit area at failure) divided by its density

thumb|Non destructive testing with Polux in Brazil Polux is a measuring device for checking the condition of wooden electricity and telephone poles. This is a specific non-destructive testing tool for wooden poles.

aka High-energy ion scattering (HEIS), analytical technique used in materials science

distribution of crystallographic orientations of a polycrystalline sample

electrical resistance for current flowing across a pair of electrical contacts

mathematical model describing the response of a brittle material to mechanical stresses and to define shear strength of soils and rocks

functions for calculating potential energy

physical force that originates from thermodynamics instead of fundamental interactions

large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and directions

thumb|right|220px|Beamline at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In accelerator physics, a beamline refers to the trajectory of the beam of particles, including the overall construction of the path segment (guide tubes, diagnostic devices) along a specific path of an accelerator facility. This part is either the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels, or the path leading from particle generator (e.g. a cyclic accelerator, synchrotron light sources, cyclotrons, or spallation sources) to the experimental end-station.

term used in materials science to describe the base material on which processing is conducted

investigation of failures

non-rectifying electrical junction: a junction between two conductors that has a linear current–voltage (I-V) curve as with Ohm's law

Structural failure in long, slender structural elements such as columns or truss bars

material science term for pressures over 100 MPa

rate of change

enrichment of atoms, ions and molecules

destructive or non-destructive test to determine mechanical properties of a structure or specimen

thumb|Timber Beam Strength Test Sylvatest is an ultrasonic measuring device that provides an overall diagnosis of a wooden component to test its mechanical strength. This is a specific non-destructive testing tool for wooden beams.

unusual physicochemical process in which some materials contract upon heating

materials science phenomenon

synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopy

thumb|335x335px|Pneumatic tribometer thumb|Static-friction tribometer|373x373px thumb|Hydrogen tribometer|334x334px

alloys with high proportions of several metals

concept in continuum mechanics

A dopant (also called a doping agent) is a small amount of a substance added to a material to alter its physical properties, such as electrical or optical properties. The amount of dopant is typically very low compared to the material being doped.

material engineered to automatically repair physical damage without any human intervention

term in physics

modified type of wood made transparent

thumb|300px|A porous bioceramic granule of an orthobiologic calcium composition manufactured by Cam Bioceramics Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible. Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials. Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides, which are inert in the body, to the other extreme of resorbable materials, which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair. Bioceramics are used in many types of medical procedures. Bioceramics are typically used as rigid materials in surgical implants, though some biocera

technique used to study the properties of materials as they change with temperature

phenomenon of radiation of acoustic waves in solids that occurs when a material undergoes irreversible changes in its internal structure, e.g. crack formation or plastic deformation due to aging, temperature gradients or external mechanical forces

process by which a ductile material plastically deforms under tension forming a thin neck

general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces