Materials science

Geometric representation of material yield

X-ray imaging method

FKM is a family of fluorocarbon-based fluoroelastomer materials defined by ASTM International standard D1418 and ISO standard 1629. It is commonly called fluorine rubber or fluoro-rubber. FKM is an abbreviation of Fluorkautschukmaterial (i.e. fluorine rubber material). All FKMs contain vinylidene fluoride as the common monomer, to which different other monomers are added for specific types and functionalities, fitting the desired application.

kinetic energy lost by charged particles traversing a given material per traversed distance

thumb|Galling on the threads not protected by PTFE tape on a NPT fitting (zoom in on first few threads for better view). thumb|250px|An electron microscope image shows transferred sheet-material accumulated on a tool surface during sliding contact under controlled laboratory conditions. The outgrowth of material or localized, roughening and creation of protrusions on the tool surface is commonly referred to as a lump. thumb|250px|The damage on the metal sheet, wear mode, or characteristic pattern shows no breakthrough of the oxide surface layer, which indicates a small amount of adhesive mater

composite material

Thermal barrier coating

In materials science, MXenes (pronounced "max-enes") are a class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds along with MBorenes, that consist of atomically thin layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. MXenes accept a variety of hydrophilic terminations. The first MXene was reported in 2011 at Drexel University's College of Engineering, and was named by combining the prefix "MAX" or "MX" (for MAX phases), with "ene" by analogy to graphene.

Multiferroics are defined as materials that exhibit more than one of the primary ferroic properties in the same phase: ferromagnetism – a magnetisation that is switchable by an applied magnetic field ferroelectricity – an electric polarisation that is switchable by an applied electric field ferroelasticity – a deformation that is switchable by an applied stress While ferroelectric, ferroelastics, and ferromagnetics are formally multiferroics, these days the term is usually used to describe the magnetoelectric multiferroics that are simultaneously ferromagnetic and ferroelectric. Sometimes

electronic states at the surface of materials

technique in materials science

direct mutual attraction between particles (atoms or molecules) via van der Waals forces or chemical bonding

electrochemical processes involving photons and the emission or absorption of light

family of non-destructive analytical techniques

Micronization is the process of reducing the average diameter of a solid material's particles. Traditional techniques for micronization focus on mechanical means, such as milling and grinding. Modern techniques make use of the properties of supercritical fluids and manipulate the principles of solubility.

In materials science, superplasticity is a state in which solid crystalline material is deformed well beyond its usual breaking point, usually over about 400% during tensile deformation. Such a state is usually achieved at high homologous temperature. Examples of superplastic materials are some fine-grained metals and ceramics. Other non-crystalline materials (amorphous) such as silica glass ("molten glass") and polymers also deform similarly, but are not called superplastic, because they are not crystalline; rather, their deformation is often described as Newtonian fluid. Superplastically def

dimensionless quantity related to porosity

Mathematical image techniques

materials whose temperature variance leads to voltage change

material and chemical engineering of solid surfaces

empirical rule resembling the rule of mixtures

classification of bondings

right|thumb|The X-ray LIGA process was originally developed at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, to produce nozzles for Enriched uranium#Aerodynamic processes|uranium enrichment. thumb|SEM picture of a polymer LIGA structure made by molding. Smallest polymer width is 6 μm; polymer height is 120 μm, the aspect ratio is, therefore, 20. thumb|SEM picture of a polymer LIGA structure made by x-ray lithography. Step length is 3 μm, step height is 0.7 μm. The pattern extends downwards towards the substrate for 150 μm leading to an aspect ratio of the contour of 200. L

Model describing the adsorption of a mono-layer of gas molecules on an ideal flat surface

mechanism for coupling electronic excitation energy from intense electromagnetic fields into the atomic motion

Coating primarily used on cookware to prevent foods without crust from sticking

process in metallurgy

mechanism of spontaneous phase separation

subfield of materials science concerned with polymers such as plastics and elastomers

theory

Step in the process of designing physical objects

Dragontrail is an alkali-aluminosilicate sheet glass manufactured by AGC Inc. It is engineered for a combination of thinness, lightness and damage-resistance, similarly to Corning's proprietary Gorilla Glass. The material's primary properties are its strength, allowing thin glass without fragility; its high scratch resistance; and its hardness with a Vickers hardness test rating of 595 to 673.

viscoelastic material

Insulator in semiconductor devices

mathematical approach to the description of the deformation of a solid body in which the displacements of the material particles are assumed to be much smaller than any relevant dimension of the body

Nanotribology is the branch of tribology that studies friction, wear, adhesion and lubrication phenomena at the nanoscale, where atomic interactions and quantum effects are not negligible. The aim of this discipline is characterizing and modifying surfaces for both scientific and technological purposes.

computer-aided tomographic process

when the composition of the liquid formed during melting is the same as that of the solid

thumb|Schematic diagram of one particular realization of nanofluidics in a nanocapillary array membrane, or NCAM. The NCAM is composed of a large number of parallel nanocapillaries, each of which have a pore radius, a/2, which is approximately the same size as the Debye length, κ−1. The electrical double layer is characterized by a counter-ion distribution, N, which is largest at the pore wall and decays toward the center of the pore. Nanofluidics is the study of the behavior, manipulation, and control of fluids that are confined to structures of nanometer (typically 1–100 nm) characteris

Mathematical model

Reptation is the thermal motion of very long linear macromolecules in entangled polymer melts or concentrated polymer solutions. Derived from the word reptile, reptation suggests the movement of entangled polymer chains as being analogous to snakes slithering through one another. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes introduced (and named) the concept of reptation into polymer physics in 1971 to explain the dependence of the mobility of a macromolecule on its length. Reptation is used as a mechanism to explain viscous flow in an amorphous polymer. Sam Edwards and Masao Doi later refined reptation theory.

hardness scale in mineralogy

property of light and its interaction with substances or objects

epoxy-based molecule

graphical representation of stress

thumb|The "energy flash" of a hypervelocity impact during a laboratory simulation of what happens when a piece of orbital debris hits a spacecraft in orbit thumb|The aftermath of a hypervelocity impact, with a projectile the same size as the one that impacted for scale

materials with electrical properties that cannot be explained by non-interacting entities

method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials

In materials science, pseudoelasticity, sometimes called superelasticity, is an elastic (reversible) response to an applied stress, caused by a phase transformation between the austenitic and martensitic phases of a crystal. It is exhibited in shape-memory alloys.

Micromeritics is the science of the behavior of particulate materials smaller than 75 μm. It is thus the study of the fundamental and derived properties of individual as well as a collection of particles. Micromeritics involves materials with larger particles than nanoparticles where they are smaller than 0.1 μm.

study of wood as a material and its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics

hypothetical type of airship that contains a vacuum rather than a lighter-than-air gas

non linear relationship between stress and strain—that is, the stress–strain curve

mechanism explaining the generation of multiple dislocations in specific well-spaced slip planes in crystals when they are deformed

electromechanical phenomenon

A scleroscope is a device used to measure rebound hardness. It consists of a steel ball dropped from a fixed height. The device was invented in 1907. As an improvement on this rough method, the Leeb Rebound Hardness Test, invented in the 1970s, uses the ratio of impact and rebound velocities (as measured by a magnetic inducer) to determine hardness.

narrow zone of intense shear strain during material deformation

material property giving the ratio of stiffness to mass density for a material