Medieval economic history

thumb|Craft fair in Sonargaon, [[Bangladesh]]

thumb|Of Usury, from Sebastian Brant|Brant's Stultifera Navis (Ship of Fools), 1494; [[woodcut attributed to Albrecht Dürer]]

trade between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa

medieval trade route between Scandinavia and the Byzantine Empire

thumb|right|''Syndics of the Drapers' Guild|The Syndics of the Drapers' Guild'' by [[Rembrandt, 1662]]

historic international commerce

Italian bank

thumb|right|The England Runestones#U 241|runestone U 241 in Lingsberg, [[Uppland, Sweden, was raised by the grandchildren of Ulfríkr circa 1050 in commemoration of his twice receiving Danegeld in England.]]

type of trading post

trade route linking Varangians with Muslims

series of economic events

thumb|400px|Map of Eurasia showing the trade network of the Radhanites (in blue), , as reported in the account of [[Ibn Khordadbeh in the Book of Roads and Kingdoms; other trade routes of the period are shown in purple.]]

donations made directly to the Diocese of Rome of the Catholic Church

property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth (thus by proxy on each family unit)

Stapelrecht, or staple right, was a medieval privilege granted to certain cities in the Holy Roman Empire allowing them to require passing merchants to unload and offer their goods for sale locally, fostering urban prosperity but often hindering long-distance trade.

medieval trade fairs

institutional pawnbroker run as a charity

noble family

papal bull concerning Investiture Controversy

In medieval and early modern Europe, a tenant-in-chief (or vassal-in-chief) was a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land tenure directly from the lord paramount to whom he did homage, as opposed to holding them from another nobleman or senior member of the clergy. The tenure was one that denoted great honour, but also carried heavy responsibilities. The tenants-in-chief were originally responsible for providing knights and soldiers for the king's feudal army.

medieval trade route in northern Germany

Ziamet () was a form of land tenure in the Ottoman Empire between the 14th and 16th centuries, consisting in grant of lands or revenues by a sultan to an individual in compensation for their services, especially military services. The ziamet holder acted as an agent of the central Ottoman government in supervising the possession, transfer, and rental of lands within his territory, and collecting tax revenue, in return for military service. A timar was not necessarily made up of contiguous property but could consist of lands scattered among different villages. The ziamet system was introduced b

aspect of Chinese history

Florentine merchant (c. 1349)

thumb|upright|Vincenzo Giustiniani was the last owner of the Genoese Maona of Chios

Nonverbal communication used by traders

economy of China in from the 14th through 17th centuries

originally designated the landed possessions and revenues of various kinds that belonged to the "Church of Saint Peter" in Rome, by virtue of the apostolic see status as founded by Saint Peter, according to Catholic tradition

1188 crusade tax in England and France

Italian noble family

term coined by Werner Sombart

financial record of the real estate revenues of the papacy from 492 to 1192

courts specialising in financial affairs in France

thumb|The port and fleet of Genoa, early 14th century The commenda was a medieval contract which developed in Italy around the 13th century, and was an early form of limited partnership. The commenda was an agreement between an investing partner and a traveling partner to conduct a commercial enterprise, usually overseas. The terms of the partnership varied, and are usually categorized by modern historians as unilateral commenda and bilateral commenda, based on the share of contributions and profits between the partners. The bilateral commenda was known in Venice as collegantia or colleganza.

Usance refers to the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs. In manufacturing, "usance" means "inputs." It is used in "usance bills."

Silk Guild of Florence