Monetary policy

Founding treaty of the European Union, signed in 1992 and effective from 1993

subclass of the economic policy

monetary system based on the value of gold

In macroeconomics and modern monetary policy, a devaluation is an official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange-rate system, in which a monetary authority formally sets a lower exchange rate of the national currency in relation to a foreign reference currency or currency basket. The opposite of devaluation, a change in the exchange rate making the domestic currency more expensive, is called a revaluation. A monetary authority (e.g., a central bank) maintains a fixed value of its currency by being ready to buy or sell foreign currency with the domestic currency

economic model illustrating an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment

component of macroeconomics

percentage of a sum of money charged for its use

monetary policy tool

monetary principle on circulating currency; "bad money drives out good"

banking system where bank holds reserves equal to fraction of deposit liabilities

process of creating new money

type of regulation on commercial banks

tool of monetary policy

conclave of 34 nations held in Genoa, Italy from 10 April to 19 May 1922

reduced form approximation of the responsiveness of the nominal interest rate, as set by the central bank, to changes in inflation, output, or other economic conditions

monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency

subclass of quantitative easing

ratio of money generated by banking system to central bank's monetary base

monetary system based on the value of silver

conflict of economic interests that arises between short-term domestic and long-term international objectives for countries whose currencies serve as global reserve currencies

geographical region which efficiently shares a single currency

thumb|400px|Starting with Nero in AD 64, the Romans continuously debased their silver coins until, by the end of the 3rd century, hardly any silver was left. A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold or silver coins, while continuing to circulate it at face value. A coin is said to be debased if the quantity of gold, silver, copper or nickel in the coin is reduced.

monetary policy limiting transfer of assets in or out of a country

use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency

monetary policy where a central bank announces an explicit target for the inflation rate

1987 international agreement aiming to stabilize international currency markets and halt the decline of the US dollar after the Plaza Accord

form of lending used by central banks

the demand for money, considered as liquidity

economic term

offering of loans exclusively from time deposits

1896 speech by U.S. politician William Jennings Bryan in support of a bimetallic standard

macroeconomic concept describing conditions with a very low nominal interest rate

one of the so-called regalia (also called royal privileges or sovereign rights)

right to mint and issue coins

collection of banking reforms

coin minted by a government, but not necessarily current within the territory of the issuing country

Process by which monetary policy affects the economy

monetary policy tool influencing expectations of future interest rates

economic and political concept in which a single state has decisive influence over the functions of the international monetary system

16th-century English currency policy

contractionary monetary policy tool

Italian economist and numismatist

change of currency values relative to other currencies

citizens' initiative in Switzerland intended to give the Swiss National Bank the sole authority to create money

school of macroeconomic thought

economic variable

Instrument of monetary policy

economic policy of macroeconomic s

type of coin

pooling of gold reserves

economic policy regarding increases to the money supply