Moral psychology

thumb|Vincent van Gogh, 1890. [[Kröller-Müller Museum. The Good Samaritan (after Delacroix).]] A conscience is a cognitive process that elicits emotion and rational associations based on an individual's moral philosophy or value system. Conscience is not an elicited emotion or thought produced by associations based on immediate sensory perceptions and reflexive responses, as in sympathetic central nervous system responses. In common terms, conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a person commits an act that conflicts with their moral values. The extent to which con

thumb|right|Eve covers herself and lowers her head in shame in Rodin's Eve after the Fall.

thumb|Giving alms to the poor is often considered an altruistic action.

A taboo is a social group's ban, prohibition or avoidance of something (usually an utterance or behavior) based on the group's sense that it is excessively repulsive, offensive, sacred or allowed only for certain people. Such prohibitions are present in virtually all societies. Taboos may be prohibited explicitly, for example within a legal system or religion, or implicitly, for example by social norms or conventions followed by a particular culture or organization.

thumb|upright=1.2|Gratitude. Statue in Palácio Nacional da Ajuda.

alt=A small child hugs an older, injured child|thumb|Hugging is a common display of empathy

assumption of and reliance on the honesty of another party

personal value, basis for ethical action

emotional experience arising when one believes they have violated personal or universal moral standards and feels responsible for the transgression

canonical example of a game analyzed in game theory

thumb|Netherlandish Proverbs|One winds on the distaff what the other spins (Both spread gossip) by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 16th century)]]

thumb|Placard for kindness, at the People's Climate March (2017) Kindness is a type of behavior marked by acts of generosity, consideration, or concern for others, without expecting praise or reward in return. It is a subject of interest in philosophy, religion, and psychology.

The reputation or prestige of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity – typically developed as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behavior or performance.

thumb|right|200px|This picture of Thomas Ward, arrested for stealing a £1 coin, can be seen as showing contempt. thumb|A painting by Louis-Léopold Boilly (ca. 1797).The woman has been interpreted as a [[prostitute (who is disdaining the inadequate coin proffered by the fashionable gentleman getting his shoes shined at left).]]

thumb|upright=1.2|The Pillory, from The Costume of Great Britain (1805)

thumb|Many animal species cooperate with each other in mutual symbiosis. One example is the [[ocellaris clownfish, which dwells among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The anemones provide the clownfish with protection from their predators (which cannot tolerate the stings of the sea anemone's tentacles), while the fish defend the anemones against butterflyfish (which eat anemones)]]

thumb|upright=1.4|alt=painting|Return to the Convent, by Eduardo Zamacois y Zabala, 1868. The painting depicts a group of [[monks laughing while a lone monk struggles with a donkey. ]]

social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present

social phenomenon that responsabilizes the victim of the damage suffered

thumb|right|upright=1.2|link=Warsaw Ghetto boy|In his Stroop Report|report on the suppression of the [[Warsaw Ghetto uprising, Jürgen Stroop described Jews resisting deportation to Nazi camps as "bandits".]] thumb|Lynndie England pulling a leash attached to the neck of a prisoner in Abu Ghraib prison, who is forced to crawl on the floor, while [[Megan Ambuhl watches, 2003.]]

thought experiment in ethics

feeling of fear spread among a large number of people that some evil threatens the well-being of society

three antisocial personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy

cognitive bias that assumes that actions will have morally fair and fitting consequences for the actor

psychological trait/personality type

empty act done publicly with the intent of enhancing one's own image

thumb|upright|Agreeable Burden () (William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1895) Agreeableness is the personality trait of being kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, honest, straightforward, and considerate. In personality psychology, agreeableness is one of the five major dimensions of personality structure, reflecting individual differences in cooperation. People who score high on measures of agreeableness are empathetic and self-sacrificing, while those with low agreeableness are prone to selfishness, insincerity, and zero-sum thinking. Those who score low on agreeableness may show dark triad tendenci

expression of regret or remorse

field of study in both philosophy and psychology

deliberate and sustained process that destroys the credibility and reputation of a person, institution, organization, social group, or nation

Blame is the act of censuring, holding responsible, or making negative statements about an individual or group that their actions or inaction are socially or morally irresponsible, the opposite of praise. When someone is morally responsible for doing something wrong, their action is blameworthy. By contrast, when someone is morally responsible for doing something right, it may be said that their action is praiseworthy. There are other senses of praise and blame that are not ethically relevant. One may praise someone's good dress sense, and blame their own sense of style for their own dress sen

adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget

status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission, in accordance with one's moral obligations

strategic game that has become a popular instrument of economic experiment

intent to benefit others

sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present

study of people's beliefs about morality

British philosopher (1923–2003)

philosophical concept

social psychological theory intended to explain the origins of and variation in human moral reasoning on the basis of innate, modular foundations

feeling of embarrassment from observing the embarrassing actions of another person

emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution

experimental tool

courage to take action for moral reasons

condition characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion leading to a diminished ability to empathize or feel compassion for others, sometimes described as the negative cost of caring or referred to as secondary traumatic stress

set of attitudes characterized by submission to authority, conventionalism, and hostility towards non-conformists

thumb|19th century painting of a gentleman displaying his courtesy Gentleness is a personal quality which can be part of one's character. It consists of kindness, consideration, and amiability.

an injury to an individual's moral conscience and values

Ethical thought experiment

tendency to favor inaction over action, and to judge harmful action as worse than inaction

type of collective action problem

theory of intergroup relations

the expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms

tendency of individuals to offer greater aid when a specific, identifiable person is observed under hardship, as compared to a large, vaguely defined group with the same need

differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes

Psychology surrounding human consumption of meat

preference for fairness and resistance to incidental inequalities

Self-licensing (also moral self-licensing, moral licensing, or licensing effect) is a term used in social psychology and marketing to describe the subconscious phenomenon whereby increased confidence and security in one's self-image or self-concept tends to make that individual worry less about the consequences of subsequent immoral behavior and, therefore, more likely to make immoral choices and act immorally. In simple terms, self-licensing occurs when people allow themselves to indulge after doing something positive first; for example, drinking a diet soda with a greasy hamburger and fries

Experimental economics game

process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context