Neurochemistry

pore-forming membrane protein that allows the passage of ions through a membrane

cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell

thumb|right|250px| Diagram showing how the frequency of neuronal action potentials influences the amount of [[neurotransmitter released at a chemical synapse. Higher firing rates lead to increased vesicle fusion and chemical signaling within the synaptic cleft, processes central to neurochemistry.]]

type of ion channel transmembrane protein

InterPro Family

mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

receptors and endogenous neurotransmitters similar to cannabis

chemical compound

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.

Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal. This modulation can last for hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes. Some of the effects of neuromodulators include altering intrinsic firing activity, increasing or decreasing voltage-dependent currents, altering synaptic efficacy, increasing bursting activity and reconfiguring

chemical compound

thumb|400px|Low Ca2+ buffering and excitotoxicity under physiological stress and pathophysiological conditions in motor neuron (MNs). Low Ca2+ buffering in ALS|amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) vulnerable hypoglossal MNs exposes mitochondria to higher Ca2+ loads compared to highly buffered cells. Under normal physiological conditions, the neurotransmitter opens glutamate, NMDA and AMPA receptor channels, and voltage dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) with high glutamate release, which is taken up again by EAAT1 and EAAT2. This results in a small rise in [[intracellular calcium that can be buffer

Type of membrance receptor that acts through a second messenger

type of protein

Apamin is an 18 amino acid globular peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom). Dry bee venom consists of 2–3% of apamin. Apamin selectively blocks SK channels, a type of Ca2+-activated K+ channel expressed in the central nervous system. Toxicity is caused by only a few amino acids, in particular cysteine1, lysine4, arginine13, arginine14 and histidine18. These amino acids are involved in the binding of apamin to the Ca2+-activated K+ channel. Due to its specificity for SK channels, apamin is used as a drug in biomedical research to study the electrical properties of SK channels and thei

Adrenergic means "working on adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine)" (or on their receptors). When not further qualified, it is usually used in the sense of enhancing or mimicking the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body.

Smooth muscle relaxant are the drugs that reduces the tone of smooth muscles

thumb|5,6-Dihydroxyindole, the monomer out of which neuromelanin polymers are formed Neuromelanin (NM) is a dark pigment found in the brain which is structurally related to melanin. It is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers. Neuromelanin is found in large quantities in catecholaminergic cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus coeruleus, giving a dark color to the structures.

thumb|right|200px|class=skin-invert-image|The N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation, with an undefined counteranion, X− thumb|right|200px|class=skin-invert-image|Acetylcholine

amine receptors in the mammalian brain

In molecular biology and physiology, something is GABAergic or GABAnergic if it pertains to or affects the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For example, a synapse is GABAergic if it uses GABA as its neurotransmitter, and a GABAergic neuron produces GABA. A substance is GABAergic if it produces its effects via interactions with the GABA system, such as by stimulating or blocking neurotransmission.

specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than once in 24 hours

intermembrane proteins

family of transport proteins

Principle in neuroscience

family of biomolecules that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons

class of transport proteins

(R) HOCPCA (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid) is a compound with an affinity for the GHB receptor 39 times greater than that of GHB itself.

one of the most abundant signalling cascades in cells

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

chemical synthesized by neurons that affects the actions of other neurons or muscle cells

Monoaminergic means "working on monoamine neurotransmitters", which include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine.