Nonduality

thumb |upright=1.2 |Statue of Shiva performing yoga in the [[lotus position ]]

thumb|Eiheiji gate Zen (; from Chinese: Chan; in Korean: Sŏn, and Vietnamese: Thiền) is a Mahayana Buddhist tradition that developed in China during the Tang dynasty by blending Indian Mahayana Buddhism, particularly Yogacara and Madhyamaka philosophies, with Chinese Taoist thought, especially Neo-Daoist. Zen originated as the Chan school (, , 'meditation school') or the Buddha-mind school (, ), and later developed into various sub-schools and branches.

Tantra (; ) is an esoteric yogic tradition that developed in the Indian subcontinent, beginning in the middle of the 1st millennium CE, initially within Shaivism and Shaktism, and subsequently in Mahayana Buddhism and Vaishnavism. Tantra presents complex cosmologies, viewing the body as divine and typically reflecting the union of Shiva and Shakti. Tantric goals include Siddhi (supernatural accomplishment), bhoga, and Kundalini ascent; while also addressing states of possession (āveśa) and exorcism.

Vedanta (; , ), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox (āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy and textual exegesis. The word Vedanta means 'conclusion of the Vedas,' and encompasses the ideas that emerged from, or aligned and reinterpreted, the speculations and enumerations contained in the Upanishads, focusing, with varying emphasis, on devotion, knowledge, and liberation. Vedanta developed into many traditions, all of which give their specific interpretations of a common group of texts called the Prasthānatrayī, translated as 'the three sources': the Upanishads, the Brahma Su

school of Hindu philosophy; a classic path to spiritual realization

concept designating the extra-categorical attributes of beings

Śūnyatā ( ; ; "emptiness", "voidness", "vacuity") is an Indian philosophical concept In Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism, and other Indian philosophical traditions. The concept has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context; an ontological feature of reality, a meditative state, or a phenomenological analysis of experience.

In Buddhism, the term anattā () is the doctrine of "non-self" – that no unchanging, permanent self exists, and is the absence of essence in any phenomenon. While often interpreted as a doctrine denying the existence of a self, anatman is more accurately described as a strategy to attain non-attachment by recognizing everything as impermanent, while staying silent on the ultimate existence of an unchanging essence. In contrast, dominant schools of Hinduism assert the existence of Ātman as pure awareness or witness-consciousness, "reify[ing] consciousness as an eternal self".

Ayyavazhi (, Ayyāvaḻi , ) is a Hindu denomination that originated in South India during the 19th century.

thumb|upright=1.5|Brick inscribed with the Sutra on Dependent Origination. Found in Gopalpur, Gorakhpur District, Uttar Pradesh. Dated , Gupta Empire|Gupta period. [[Ashmolean Museum.]]

Hesychasm () is a contemplative monastic tradition in the Eastern Christian traditions of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches in which stillness (hēsychia) is sought through uninterrupted Jesus prayer. While rooted in early Christian monasticism, it took its definitive form in the 14th century at Mount Athos.

Yogachara () is an influential tradition of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing the study of cognition, perception, and consciousness through the interior lens of meditation, as well as philosophical reasoning (hetuvidyā). Yogachara was one of the two most influential traditions of Mahayana Buddhism in India, along with Madhyamaka.

Madhyamaka (; ; , chữ Nôm: ; ) also known as Madhyamika () refers to a tradition of Buddhist philosophy and practice founded by the Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher Nāgārjuna (). The foundational text of the Mādhyamaka tradition is Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā ("Root Verses on the Middle Way"). More broadly, Madhyamaka also refers to the ultimate nature of phenomena as well as the non-conceptual realization of ultimate reality that is experienced in meditation.

buddhist term for wisdom, & an understanding of the true nature of phenomena

thumb|upright=1.3|Sphera volgare, featuring the Sun, the [[Moon, the winds and the stars as living. Woodcut illustration from an edition of De sphaera mundi, Venice, 1537.]]

In philosophy of mind, panpsychism () is the view that the mind or consciousness is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality. It is also described as a theory that "the mind is a fundamental feature of the world which exists throughout the universe". It is one of the oldest philosophical theories and has been ascribed, in some form, to philosophers including Thales, Plato, Spinoza, Leibniz, Schopenhauer, William James, Alfred North Whitehead, and Bertrand Russell. In the 19th century, views described as panpsychism were advocated by prominent philosophers such as Schopenhauer and James,

15th-century philosophical idea that views all religious traditions as sharing a single truth or origin

thumb|Ramanujacharya, who propounded the philosophy of Vishitadvaita Vedanta Vishishtadvaita (IAST ''''; ) is a school of Hindu philosophy belonging to the Vedanta tradition. Vishishta Advaita means "non-duality with distinctions" and recognises Brahman (ब्रह्म) as the primordial quality while also acknowledging its existential multiplicity. This philosophy can be characterised as a form of qualified monism, or a qualified non-dualism. It upholds the belief that all diversity ultimately stems from a fundamental underlying unity.

thumb|270px|Seal design with the word Mahāmudrā ("great seal") in Mongolian 'Phags-pa script

The dharmakāya (, "truth body" or "reality body", , ) is one of the three bodies (trikāya) of a Buddha in Mahāyāna Buddhism. The dharmakāya constitutes the unmanifested, "inconceivable" (acintya) aspect of a Buddha out of which Buddhas arise and to which they return after their dissolution. When a Buddha manifests out of the dharmakāya in a physical body of flesh and blood, which is perceptible to ordinary sentient beings, this is called a nirmāṇakāya, "transformation body".

In Christian theology, kenosis () is the "self-emptying" of Jesus. The word () is used in the Epistle to the Philippians: " made himself nothing" (NIV), or "[he] emptied himself" (NRSV) (Philippians 2:7), using the verb form (), meaning "to empty".

thumb|The Moonlight|moon and its light hidden by the clouds is a metaphor for the [[luminous mind of Buddha-nature, which is always shining but can be hidden or covered over by the afflictions.]]

In Buddhism, a ' (Pali) or ' (Sanskrit)—translated variously as "stream-enterer", "stream-entrant" or "stream-winner"—is one who has reached the first of the four stages of enlightenment. Stream entry is purportedly followed by three subsequent stages of awakening: Sakadāgāmi (once-returner), Anāgāmi (non-returner), and Arahant (fully liberated).

Vijñāna () or viññāa () is translated as "consciousness", "life force", "mind", or "discernment".

nondualist Kashmiri Hindu tradition

Nondualism, also called nonduality, is a polyvalent term originating in Indian philosophy and religion, where it is used in various, related contemplative philosophies which aim to negate dualistic thinking or conceptual proliferation (prapanca) and thereby realize nondual awareness, 'that which is beyond discursive thinking', a state of consciousness described in contemplative traditions as a background field of unified, immutable awareness that exists prior to conceptual thought.

1976 book by Helen Schucman

Kenshō (Rōmaji; Japanese and classical Chinese: 見性, Pinyin: jianxing, Sanskrit: dṛṣṭi-svabhāva) is an East Asian Buddhist term from the Chan / Zen tradition which means "seeing" or "perceiving" (見) "nature" or "essence" (性), or 'true face'. It is usually translated as "seeing one's [true] nature," with "nature" referring to buddha-nature, ultimate reality, the Dharmadhatu. The term appears in one of the classic slogans which define Chan Buddhism: to see oneʼs own nature and accomplish Buddhahood (見性成佛).

In Hindu philosophy, turiya (Sanskrit: तुरीय, meaning "the fourth"), also referred to as chaturiya or chaturtha, is the true self (atman) beyond the three common states of consciousness (waking, dreaming, and dreamless deep sleep). It is postulated in several Upanishads and explicated in Gaudapada's Mandukya Karika.

Saccidānanda (; also Sat-cit-ānanda) is an epithet and description for the subjective experience of the ultimate unchanging reality, called Brahman, in certain branches of Hindu philosophy, especially Vedanta. It represents "existence, consciousness, and bliss" or "truth, consciousness, bliss".

Neo-Vedanta, also called neo-Hinduism, Hindu modernism, Global Hinduism and Hindu Universalism, are terms to characterise interpretations of Hinduism that developed in the 19th century. The term "Neo-Vedanta" was coined by German Indologist Paul Hacker, in a pejorative way, to distinguish modern developments from "traditional" Advaita Vedanta.

In Zen Buddhism, is the practice of "just sitting." It is Dōgen's Japanese translation of the Chinese phrase zhǐguǎn dǎzuò (). The phrase was used by Dōgen's teacher Rujing, a monk of the Caodong school of Chan Buddhism, to refer to the meditation practice called "silent illumination" (mozhao, ), or "serene reflection," famously taught by the Caodong master Hongzhi Zhengjue (1091–1157).

Dharmadhatu (; ; ) is the 'dimension', 'realm' or 'sphere' (dhātu) of the Dharma or Absolute Reality. Entire Dharmadhatu was filled with an infinite number of buddha-lands (Sanskrit: buddhakṣetra) with ineffable number of Buddhas. This realm is beyond of everything, and it is visible only to Buddhas and all other Bodhisattvas in existence.

Buddhist differentiation of conventional & ultimate (paramārtha) truth

metaphor to illustrate emptiness, dependent origination and interpenetration in Buddhist philosophy

thumb|280px|Tibetan letter "A" inside a thigle. The A, which corresponds to the sound ‘ahh’, represents kadag while the thigle represents lhun grub.

complete loss of subjective self-identity

Tradition in Shaktism and tantric Shaivism

valid knowledge which cannot be contradicted and true knowledge which is the knowledge of the self intuitively gained

thumb|200px|A Tibetan thangka or scroll painting of [[Saraha surrounded by other mahasiddhas; probably 18th century and now in the British Museum]]

types of consciousness in Mahayana Buddhism

form of Buddhist meditation

part of Sufi Islamic philosophy

' (Pāli samatha Sanskrit: śamatha शमथ; ), "calm," "serenity," "tranquility of awareness," and ' (Pāli vipassanā; Sanskrit: vipaśyanā विपश्यना; Sinhala: ), literally "special, super (), seeing ()", are two qualities of the mind developed in tandem in Buddhist practice.

East Asian Buddhist doctrine

doctrine in Vedanta: the gross body, the subtle body, and the causal body

psychological technique

metaphor used in Buddhist doctrine

Sudden awakening to Enlightenment

experience interpreted within a religious framework