Number theorists

Euclid (; ; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system, now referred to as Euclidean geometry, involved innovations in combination with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians, including Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathe

Swiss mathematician, physicist, and engineer (1707–1783)

Leonardo Bonacci ( – ), commonly known as Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages".

Indian mathematician (1887–1920)

Eratosthenes of Cyrene ( ; ;  – ) was an Ancient Greek polymath: a philosopher, scholar, mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. Eratosthenes eventually became the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. His work was the precursor to the modern discipline of geography, and he introduced some of its terminology, coining the terms geography and geographer.

Mathematician and astronomer (1736–1813)

Hungarian mathematician (1913–1996)

Diophantus of Alexandria () (; ) was a Greek mathematician who was the author of the Arithmetica in thirteen books, ten of which are still extant, made up of arithmetical problems that are solved through algebraic equations.

Swiss mathematician (1655-1705)

Italian father of accounting (*~1445 – †1517)

Ukrainian mathematician (born 1984)

Australian-American mathematician

French mathematician (1822-1901)

Chinese scientist and revolutionary (born 1961)

English mathematician (1814-1897)

Mesopotamian astronomer and mathematician

Russian mathematician (1821–1894)

Norwegian mathematician (1917–2007)

Italian mathematician (1940-)

Polish mathematician

Austrian-Armenian mathematician (1898–1962)

French and Belgian mathematician (1814–1894)

Canadian mathematician

English mathematician

Soviet mathematician (1891-1983)

mathematician from the former Ukrainian SSR, who emigrated to the United States and is currently working at the University of Chicago

Hungarian mathematician (1921–1970)

Japanese mathematician (1930-2019)

British mathematician (*1611 – †1685)

Swedish mathematician (1870-1924)

Norwegian mathematician (1885–1978)

Norwegian mathematician (1863-1922)

Chinese mathematician (1933-1996)

Hungarian mathematician (1910–1976)

French-American mathematician (1927–2005)

mathematician of Southern Song dynasty, wrote Shu shu jiu zhang (1247)

Danish mathematician and engineer (1859–1925)

Norwegian geophysicist and mathematician (1874-1957)

South African mathematician

Japanese mathematician (1927–1958)

Russian mathematician (1894–1959)

American-born British number theorist (1888–1972)

Belgian mathematician (1866–1962)

Chinese-born American mathematician

Hungarian mathematician (1930–2023)

Chinese mathematician (1910-1985)

Russian mathematician (1906–1968)

Russian mathematician (1905–1938)

English mathematician and astronomer (1848-1928)

Peruvian mathematician

Japanese mathematician

Russian mathematician (1894–1947)

Ukrainian mathematician (1915-1972)

Persian mathematician

Polish-Austrian mathematician

Japanese mathematician (1917-1998)

Russian mathematician (1847-1878)

Russian mathematician (1937-2008)

Polish mathematician

German mathematician (1892–1969)