Obstetrics

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring gestates inside a woman's uterus. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins.

thumb|upright=1.5|Intended parents attend the birth of their child by a gestational surrogate.

assisted reproductive technology procedure (ART)

Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is - in some jurisdictions - combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.

period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks

group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy

the fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion

thumb|Tubes filled with amniotic fluid for amniocentesis Amniocentesis or amniotic fluid test (AFT) is a medical procedure used primarily in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions. It has other uses such as in the assessment of infection and fetal lung maturity. Prenatal diagnostic testing, which includes amniocentesis, is necessary to conclusively diagnose the majority of genetic disorders, with amniocentesis being the gold-standard procedure after 15 weeks' gestation.

medical procedure

nausea due to pregnancy

form of scarring on the skin

medical specialty

sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes

stage of pregnancy at which the already fertilized egg adheres to the wall of the uterus

human disease

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene. The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). Maternal AFP serum level is used to screen for Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and other chromosomal abnormalities.

childbirth that occurs in water

Ropivacaine (rINN) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemate and the marketed S-enantiomer. Ropivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the brand name Naropin.

problem with Rh+ fetuses in Rh- mothers

species of bacterium

deaths of humans during late pregnancy from 22 weeks of gestation or within the first 7 days after birth

in the fetal heart allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium.

human disease

In obstetrics, lochia is the vaginal discharge after giving birth, containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue. Lochia discharge typically continues for four to eight weeks after childbirth, a time known as the postpartum period or puerperium. A 2016 review ties this "lochial period" to worldwide customs of postpartum confinement, a time for the new mother and baby to bond.

Infantile reflex

device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy

health of women during pregnancy, child birth, and the postpartum period

measure of the age of a pregnancy

The decidua is the modified mucosal lining of the uterus (that is, modified endometrium) that forms every month, in preparation for pregnancy. It is shed off each month when there is no fertilized egg to support. The decidua is under the influence of progesterone. Endometrial cells become highly characteristic. The decidua forms the maternal part of the placenta and remains for the duration of the pregnancy. After birth the decidua is shed together with the placenta.

contraction of the uterus

branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy

infection caused by pathogens that use mother-to-child transmission

expulsion of a nonviable fetus through the vaginal opening of the decomposing body of a deceased pregnant woman as a result of the increasing pressure of intra-abdominal gases.

weight of an organism at birth

condition in which all or part of the placenta or membranes remain in the uterus during the third stage of labour

healthcare facility where pregnant mothers can give birth

special form of in vitro fertilisation

Tocolytics (also called anti-contraction medications or labor suppressants) are medications used to suppress premature labor (from Greek τόκος tókos, "childbirth", and λύσις lúsis, "loosening"). Preterm birth accounts for 70% of neonatal deaths. Therefore, tocolytic therapy is provided when delivery would result in premature birth, postponing delivery long enough for the administration of glucocorticoids (which accelerate fetal lung maturity) to be effective, as they may require one to two days to take effect.

congenital disorder of respiratory system

medication used to prevent RhD isoimmunization

Cycle of uterine contractions

medical condition

bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow

pre-labor scoring system to assist in predicting whether induction of labor will be required

the cervical mucus plug that blocks the cervix of the uterus after conception

A caul is a piece of membrane that can cover a newborn's head and face. Birth with a caul is rare, occurring in fewer than 1 in 80,000 births. The caul is harmless and is immediately removed by the attending parent, physician, or midwife upon birth of the child.

Nitrazine or phenaphthazine is a pH indicator dye often used in medicine. More sensitive than litmus, nitrazine indicates pH in the range of 4.5 to 7.5. Nitrazine is usually used as the disodium salt.

dimensions and shape of the human vagina

emergence of placenta from birth canal after birth

baby position during birth

rupture of the amniotic sac, normally occurring spontaneously at full term either during or at the beginning of labor

thumbnail|London, Wellcome Library, MS 544 (Miscellanea medica XVIII), early 14th century (France), a copy of the intermediate Trotula ensemble, p. 65 (detail): pen and wash drawing meant to depict "Trotula", clothed in red and green with a white headdress, holding an orb thumb|Trotula transitional ensemble, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS lat. 7056, mid-13th century, ff. 84v-85r, opening of the De ornatu mulierum Trotula is a name referring to a group of three texts on women's medicine that were composed in the southern Italian port town of Salerno in the 12th century. The name de

prenatal care and pregnancy nursing specialty

analysis of cell-free fetal DNA, or DNA from fetal cells that are biopsied from a pregnant woman’s blood

childbirth-related injury

International movement against obstetric violence

medical diagnostic method

clinical sign indicative of pregnancy