Ontology (information science)

specification of a conceptualization

ontology for describing the function of genes and gene products

ontology for the domain of human anatomy

technical, scientific and social aspects involved in building, maintaining and using knowledge-based system

Infosphere is a metaphysical realm of information, data, knowledge, and communication, populated by informational entities called inforgs (or, informational organisms). Infosphere is portmanteau of information and -sphere.

Schema.org is a reference website that publishes documentation and guidelines for using structured data mark-up on web-pages (in the form of microdata, RDFa or JSON-LD). Its main objective is to standardize HTML tags to be used by webmasters for creating rich results (displayed as visual data or infographic tables on search engine results) about a certain topic of interest. It is a part of the semantic web project, which aims to make document mark-up codes more readable and meaningful to both humans and machines.

FOAF (an acronym of friend of a friend) is a machine-readable ontology describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects. Anyone can use FOAF to describe themselves. FOAF allows groups of people to describe social networks without the need for a centralised database.

standardized and organized sets of words and phrases for retrieval and disambiguation of information, distinguishing preferred terms from non-preferred terms

AGROVOC is a multilingual controlled vocabulary covering areas of interest of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aiming to promote the visibility of research produced among FAO members. By March 2024, AGROVOC consisted of over 42 000 concepts and up to 1 000 000 terms in more than 42 different languages. It is a collaborative effort, the outcome of consensus among a community of experts coordinated by FAO.

Cyc (pronounced ) is a long-term artificial intelligence (AI) project that aims to assemble a comprehensive ontology and knowledge base that spans the basic concepts and rules about how the world works. Hoping to capture common sense knowledge, Cyc focuses on implicit knowledge. The project began in July 1984 at MCC and was developed later by the Cycorp company.

BabelNet is a multilingual lexical-semantic knowledge graph, ontology and encyclopedic dictionary developed at the NLP group of the Sapienza University of Rome under the supervision of Roberto Navigli. BabelNet was automatically created by linking Wikipedia to the most popular computational lexicon of the English language, WordNet. The integration is done using an automatic mapping and by filling in lexical gaps in resource-poor languages by using statistical machine translation. The result is an encyclopedic dictionary that provides concepts and named entities lexicalized in many languages an

a rigorous method of deriving an ontology from a collection of objects and their properties

information repository structured as a graph of entities and relationships; used by search engines and AI systems for entity resolution, retrieval composition, and knowledge representation

field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which are formal representations of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts

Ontology editor

ontology applicable across domains of knowledge

ability of computer systems to exchange data with unambiguous, shared meaning

NeuroLex is a lexicon of neuroscience concepts supported by the Neuroscience Information Framework project, which is funded by the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research. It is the lexical part of the NIF knowledge base, and NeuroLex is intended to make literature review easier and ensure consistent terminology and usage across researchers for the topics of experimental, clinical, and transnational neuroscience, and for genetic and genomic resources. It is structured as a semantic wiki, using Semantic MediaWiki.

type of dictionary

process of determining correspondences between concepts

Description of a Project (DOAP) is an RDF Schema and XML vocabulary designed to describe software projects, particularly free and open-source software.

schema for describing posts and interactions on forums, message boards, blogs etc.

standard for data integration

description of aspects of ontology

process of interrelating information from diverse sources