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Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Germany during the Nazi era from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 under his leadership marked the outbreak of the Second World War. Throughout the ensuing conflict, Hitler was closely involved in the direction of German military operations and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust, the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.

Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.

Italian polymath (1564-1642)

French novelist, poet, dramatist and politician (1802–1885)

founding father of the Republic of Turkey (c. 1881–1938)

Russian dramatist and author (1860–1904)

Irish poet, playwright, and aesthete (1854-1900)

French existentialist philosopher (1905–1980)

French writer and dramatist (1802–1870)

Swedish writer (1858–1940)

British author and scholar (1832–1898)

French philosopher (1859–1941)

African American novelist, essayist, and academic (1931–2019)

Polish-American poet and Nobel laureate (1911–2004)

Norwegian writer (1882–1949)

Marshal of the Soviet Union (1896-1974)

Chilean writer

Danish writer

Palestinian-American professor (1935–2003)

American author, screenwriter, film director (1942–2008)

British actor (1914–2000)

Irish-born British writer and philosopher (1919–1999)

Croatian writer (1949–2023)

American-Dutch computer scientist

American writer (born 1938)

Japanese author (1886–1965)

French author from Guadeloupe

1848 novel by Anne Brontë

Grand Pensionary of Holland (1625–1672)

British classical scholar and poet (1859-1936)

French novelist and playwright

English explorer and navigator (1550–1605)

Military officer and national hero of the State of Israel (1946–1976)

United States science fiction and fantasy author

Indian politician, diplomat, author

Indian industrialist and entrepreneur (1888–1956)

British novelist, "Hornblower" author (1899–1966)

American science fiction writer (1915–1987)

1976 novel by Anne Rice

British writer (1902–1989)

Syrian writer and poet (1836–1874)

Australian photographer and adventurer (1885–1962)

British astronomer, chemist and photographer (1843–1920)

1987 novel by Arthur C. Clarke

British flying ace (1914-1995)

1993 novel by Isaac Asimov

Irish writer (1903-1966)

Royal Navy admiral (1881–1957)

British writer (1917–1996)

Catalan-language writer and poet from Spain

Danish writer

Mexican writer

German naturalist and hygienist (1832-1917)

American journalist

British historian and novelist (1924–2024)

essay by Erving Goffman

American writer, educator, political activist (1902–1992)

Mexican writer

1823 novel by James Fenimore Cooper

British soldier and author (1888–1937)