Ottoman titles

thumb|Suleiman the Magnificent, the longest-reigning [[sultan of the Ottoman Empire|281x281px]]

ruler in Mongol and Turkic cultures, variously describing kings, princes, and governors

thumb|upright|right|Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who ruled Iran from 1941 to 1979, was the last king to hold the title of shah before the Iranian monarchy was abolished by the [[Iranian Revolution.]]

thumb|The court of the Durrani Empire|Durrani Emirate of [[Afghanistan (James Rattray, 1839)]] Emir (; ' (), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch

thumb|Uyghurs|Uyghur General [[Khojis (d. 1781), bey of Turfan, who later settled in Beijing; painting by a European Jesuit artist at the Chinese court in 1775]] Bey, also spelled as Baig, Bayg, Beigh, Beig, Bek, Baeg, Begh, or Beg, is a Turkic title for a chieftain, and a royal, aristocratic title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Europe, and the Middle East, such as the Ottomans, Timurids or the various khanates and emi

thumb|345x345px|An illustrated Portrait of Mohammad Shah Qajar|Muhammad Shah Qajar and his Vizier Haj Mirza Aghasi in Iran during the 19th century. Vizier's roles as advisors in courts evolved over time, becoming an important part of official government institutions.

Pasha (; ; ) was a high rank, aristocratic title in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries, and others issued by the Sultan carrying the tughra (imperial seal). Pasha, in one of its various ranks, is equivalent to the British title of Lord. Pasha was also one of the highest titles in the 20th-century Kingdom of Egypt and it was also used in Morocco in the 20th century, where it denoted a regional official or governor of a district. Origin of the word is believed to be derived from the Persian Padishah ( پادشاه ).

{| class="wikitable wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse" |style="background: #cbe; min-width:18.5em" colspan=2 align="center"|Khagan |- ! colspan="2" |Rouran |- | Brahmi Script:|| |- | Transliteration:|| Kagan |- | Transcription (Vovin):|| |- ! colspan="2" |Mongolian |- | Mongolian Script:|| |- | ʼPhags-pa script:|| |- | Transliteration:|| Qagan, Xagan |- | Cyrillic script:|| Хаан / Хаган |- | Transliteration:|| Khaan / Khagan |- ! colspan="2"|Yeniseian |- | Latin alphabet:|| Qaγan |- ! colspan="2" |Arabic |- |Arabic script: |خاقان |- |Transliteration: |Khaqan |- ! colspan="2" |Hindustan

Padishah (; ) is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin.

thumb|The voivode Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić on horseback Voivode is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe, in use since the Early Middle Ages. It primarily referred to the medieval rulers of the Romanian-inhabited states and of governors and military commanders of Polish, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Balkan, Russian and other Slavic-speaking populations.

thumb|200px|The eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in 1609 Beylerbey (, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords’, sometimes rendered governor-general) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Iran and the Ottoman Empire. Initially designating a commander-in-chief, it eventually came to be held by senior provincial governors. In Ottoman usage, where the rank survived the longest, it designated the governors-general of some of the largest and most important provinces, although

administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions

military/civil rank and honorific title in the Ottoman Empire

title designating the supreme leader of an Islamic community

the chief consort of an Ottoman sultan

250px|thumb|A Turkish Effendi (1862) 250px|thumb|Figurine of an effendi, circa 1770, hard-paste porcelain, height: 10.8 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a khan or a khagan.

thumb|Binbashi Ismet Pasha, who later became a Kaymakam, after returning from Yemen.

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thumb|Prime Minister of Iran|Sardar-I-Azam, Prince [[Abdol Majid Mirza of Qajar Persia .]] right|thumb|Pakistani President Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan and First Lady [[Jacqueline Kennedy with the prized gelding "Sardar".]] right|thumb|List of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier [[Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, the last Ottoman Serdar-ı Azam.]] right|thumb|Serdar (Ottoman rank)|Serdar [[Janko Vukotić of the Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro.]]

admiral of the navy of the Ottoman Empire

thumb|Amédée Jaubert (left) was Napoleon's "favourite orientalist adviser and dragoman". He accompanied the Persian envoy Mirza Mohammad-Reza Qazvini at [[Finckenstein Palace to meet with Napoleon on 27 April 1807 for the Treaty of Finckenstein. Detail of a painting by François Mulard.]] thumb|Plate from The Crescent and the Cross by Elliot Warburton entitled "Encampment at Baalbec, lady and dragoman in foreground." A dragoman (ترجمان) was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embass

rank of a high nobleman or prince

thumb|Asafi Pasha was a Sanjak-bey for [[Shirvan and Dagestan from 1588.]] '''Sanjak-bey, sanjaq-bey or -beg' () was the title given in the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and the Ottoman Empire to a bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a pasha) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district (sanjak, in Arabic liwa’), hence the equivalent Arabic title of amir liwa ( ) He was answerable to a superior wāli or another provincial governor. In a few cases the sanjak-bey'' was himself directly answerable to the sultan in Constantinople.

head of the aghas who guarded the Ottoman imperial harem

thumb|170px|The United States|American commander [[William Bainbridge paying tribute to the dey, circa 1800]] Dey (, from ) was the title given to the rulers of the regencies of Algiers, Tripolitania, and Tunis under the Ottoman Empire from 1671 onwards. Twenty-nine deys held office from the establishment of the deylicate in Algeria until the French conquest in 1830.

thumb|right|The Kazasker, chief judge of the Ottoman empire, 1799 A kazasker or kadıasker (, ''ḳāḍī'asker, "military judge") was a chief judge in the Ottoman Empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who were later tried only by their own officers. Two kazaskers were appointed, called Rumeli Kazaskeri and Anadolu Kazaskeri'', having their jurisdiction respectively over the European and the Asiatic part of the Empire. They were subordinated to the Grand Vizier, later Şeyhülislam, and had no jurisdiction over the city of Constantinople. Moreover, the

Damat (, from (dâmâd) "bridegroom") was an official Ottoman title for men who entered the imperial House of Osman by means of marriage, literally becoming the bridegroom to the Ottoman sultan and the dynasty. In almost all cases, this occurred when a man married an Ottoman princess.

thumb|right|Costume of a Şehzade Şehzade () is the Ottoman form of the Persian title Shahzadeh, and refers to the male descendants of an Ottoman sovereign in the male line. This title is equivalent to "prince of the blood imperial" in English.

military rank in the Ottoman Empire

thumbnail|1895 map showing the Hüdavendigâr Eyalet, divided into Sanjaks, showing the separate Mutasarrifate of Biga and the Mutasarrifate of [[Izmit]]

noble title for wives of Ottoman sultans

thumb|Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was referred to as the "rais"

thumb|A Katib, in Bombay' by Edwin Lord Weeks A katib (, kātib) is a writer, scribe, or secretary in the Arabic-speaking world, Persian World, and other Islamic areas as far as the Indian subcontinent. In North Africa, the local pronunciation of the term also causes it to be written ketib. Duties comprised reading and writing correspondence, issue instructions at the command of the person in charge and archiving documentation.

Ottoman head clerk of the imperial council, later foreign minister

thumb|right|A guard of the bostanji corps A bostanji (also spelled bostandji or bostangi; from , literally "gardener") was a member of one of the types of imperial guards of the Ottoman Empire. The bostanji were mainly responsible for protecting the sultan's palace and its premises. They also guarded the seraglio and rowed the sultan's barge. Their chief was called the bostanji-bashi (), and he had the rank of a pasha. The bostanji at one time numbered 3000, and were united with the janissaries, another Ottoman imperial guard corps, in military duty. In wartime their strength was 12,000. By th

' (; ; ), often corrupted to or ' in daily speech, was an Ottoman Turkish title meaning "steward, deputy, lieutenant". It derives from the Persian word ("master of a household", later "chieftain, headman").

head of the eunuch servants of the Ottoman Seraglio

thumb|upright=1.1| A cariye or imperial concubine.

' () or (; ), in Arabic rendered as () or ' (), was a title used in much of the Islamic world during the 10th–15th centuries, to denote the senior-most military commanders, but also as a generic general officer rank.

title given to the commander of the annual Hajj pilgrim caravan

Commander of the Janissary Corps

Ottoman imperial title

Islamic title reserved for a few Muslim women rulers

Ottoman court official

Ottoman and Safavid title

Kalfa (Turkish for 'apprentice, assistant master') was a general term in the Ottoman Empire for the women attendants and supervisors in service in the imperial palace.

thumb|200px|Ottoman Dizdar from the 16th century (author: Melchior Lorck)

Indo-Iranian honorific term

governmental post in Muslim empires

'''''' was a high post in Ottoman bureaucracy. The Turkish word literally means "court calligrapher" or "sealer", as the original duty of the was to seal royal precepts.

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Ottoman Turkish title and naval rank

Turkish title given to feudal lords

thumb|Two kapıcıbaşi depicted in Antoine-Laurent Castella 1812 work. The Ottoman title of kapıcıbaşı designated the chief of the palace gatekeepers, or "chief warder". In the early phase of Ottoman statehood there was one single title-holder. It multiplied over time and there were in the 18th century some 150 simultaneous title-holders. The holder supervised the palace gatekeepers (kapıcılar), was in charge of guarding the gates, transmitted messages and orders, and executed Imperial Council orders.

Çavuş, also anglicized Chaush and Chiaus (from / ; ; from Old Turkic Çabuş or Çawuş, "person who gives order or yells") was an Ottoman title used for two separate soldier professions, both acting as messengers although differing in levels. It was a rank below agha and kethüda (from Persian, kad-khuda, "magistrate"), in units such as the Janissaries and Sipahi, and was also a term for members of the specialized unit of çavuşān (, also çavuşiyye, çavuş(an)-i divan(i)) consisting of combined cavalry and infantry serving the Imperial Council (as in Ottoman Egypt). The leaders of the council's çavu

Sultanzade is an Ottoman title for sons of sultana or imperial princesses, female descendants of sovereign in male line. The feminine equivalent is hanımsultan.

Müderris is a term that described the religious scholar, professor or faculty member in Seljuk Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire.Cambridge University Press, History of Turkey Vol. 3, The Later Ottoman Empire 1603-1839 (2006), s.216

' or ''' (from , ) is a title in Ottoman Empire hierarchy. Depending on the suffix or prefix it had different meanings. The English language translation of the word is a treasurer''.

A derebey (trans. from Tirebey, riverside castle lord) was a feudal lord in Anatolia and the Pontic areas of Lazistan and Adjara in the 18th century, with considerable independence from the central government of the Ottoman Empire.