kethüda

' (; ; ), often corrupted to or ' in daily speech, was an Ottoman Turkish title meaning "steward, deputy, lieutenant". It derives from the Persian word ("master of a household", later "chieftain, headman").

The term originated in medieval Persia. Under the Ilkhanids, the term () referred to a village elder who acted as its representative towards the government, and later, under the Safavids, their duties included the collection of taxes and administration of their village or town. From Persian practice it spread to the Seljuk Turks of the Sultanate of Rum, and is first attested in Ottoman usage in the 15th century in the sense of an "authorised deputy official". Accordingly, the term is found across a wide variety of official institutions and offices, both in the central and in the provincial administration, where the served as a deputy to the or in charge of a department or unit or a provincial governor ( or ). By far the most important among them was the deputy of the grand vizier, the ; the supervised the timariots in the provinces, and was also found as a title in the Janissary corps; and the was the permanent representative maintained in the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, by provincial governors, senior viziers, or tributary and vassal rulers like the hospodars of the Danubian principalities.