Packaging

thumb|upright|A classic wine bottle thumb|upright|Composite body, painted, and glazed bottle. Dated 16th century Iran.

thumb|upright=1.35|alt=Front of an envelope mailed in the U.S. in 1906, with a postage stamp and address|Front of an envelope mailed in the U.S. in 1906, with a postage stamp and address thumb|upright=1.35|alt=Back of the above envelope, showing an additional receiving office postmark|Back of the above envelope, showing an additional receiving post office [[postmark]]

Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and for personal use.

thumb|right|Simple containers made from gourds being sold for use as [[calabash in Kenya.]] thumb|right|Display of a woven basket from the [[Maya peoples of Mexico.]] thumb|right|A corrugated fiberboard box. thumb|right|A Flatcar#Spine car|spine car with a [[tank container and an open-top intermodal shipping container with canvas cover.]] thumb|right|Intermediate bulk containers, commonly used in industrial settings for the handling, transport, and storage of liquids, semi-solids, pastes, or solids.

thumb|ATM user authenticating himself Authentication (from authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.

type of container made of thin, flexible, plastic film, nonwoven fabric, or plastic textile

thumb|A classic wooden pallet, with a glove for scale|alt=A wooden pallet with a glove on it thumb|A plastic skid with nine legs, which can be lifted from all four sides. This type of transport is commonly called a pallet, but since it has no bottom, it is technically a skid.|alt=A plastic skid thumb|A metal pallet with removable beams, in this case for firewood|alt=Metal pallets with removable beams, several of which are filled with firewood thumb|Automated palletizer of bread with industrial [[KUKA robots at a bakery in Germany|alt=A row of automated palletizers]] thumb| Galvanization|galvan

thumb|Brass tray inlaid with silver, Egypt or Syria, 19th century

transformation of raw ingredients into food, or of food into other forms

connecting element for fixing flat items (paper, fabric, foil etc.) to each other or to another item

dispensing system of an aerosol mist: a can with a payload and propellant under pressure

alt=Photo showing size difference of 165g and 134g Pringles cans.|thumb|Kellogg's shortened and shrank the diameter of the standard tube of [[Pringles in Australia through the 2010s and 2020s, as they shifted production from the United States to Malaysia. The net weight of each tube was reduced from 165g to 134g, the size of each Pringle was also reduced, and consumers also noticed a blander taste. These changes also coincided with price increases.]]

sealed food container

thumb|Canisters are commonly filled with silica gel and other [[molecular sieves used as desiccant in drug containers to keep contents dry.|350x350px]] thumb|Silica gel in a [[sachet or porous packet]] A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that is used to induce or sustain a state of dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity; it is the opposite of a humectant. Commonly encountered pre-packaged desiccants are solids that absorb water. Desiccants for specialized purposes may be in forms other than solid, and may work through other principles, such as chemical bonding of water molecules. They are co

compilation of various media or other items packaged in a box

top for holding liquid inside a bottle

thumb|250px|A flexographic printing plate.

supply chain that uses refrigeration of temperature-sensitive goods from point of manufacture to point of administration/sale

length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use or consumption

thumb|A decorative lid A lid or cover is part of a container, and serves as the closure or seal, usually one that completely closes the object. Lids can be placed on small containers such as tubs as well as larger lids for open-head pails and drums. ==Etymology==

type of packaging used for foods, pharmaceutical drugs, and other goods

method of removing air from package prior to sealing

thumb|A worker Pickling (metal)|pickling tin in a tin factory in South Wales during World War I thumb|A worker removes tin plates from an annealing stand in a South Wales factory during World War I Tinplate consists of sheets of steel coated with a thin layer of tin to impede rusting. Before the advent of cheap mild steel, the backing metal (known as "") was wrought iron. While once more widely used, the primary use of tinplate now is the manufacture of tin cans.

bottle constructed of plastic

Type of packaging for eggs

thumb|Assorted matchboxes and match labels

indication of size and mounting options of a computer or its components

delivery note

thumb|Skin bottle made of goat leather thumb|A leather waterskin from the Judean desert, dating back to 132–135 CE. thumb|upright|Depiction of a waterskin bearer in Persepolis A waterskin is a receptacle used to hold water. Normally made of a sheep or goat skin, it retains water naturally and therefore was very useful in desert crossings until the invention of the canteen, though waterskins are still used in some parts of the world. Though it may have been used over 5,000 years ago by tribal peoples, the first pictures of it are from ancient Assyrians, who used the bladders as floats in 3000 B

return of beverage containers for refund

front of the packaging of a commercially released audio recording product

academic discipline

flask used to carry alcoholic beverages

document accompanying a medication

thumb|right|cork (material)|Cork and muselet closure atop a bottle of [[Unibroue beer, unopened]] thumb|right|An opened muselet with cap thumb|right|A collection of champagne muselet caps A muselet () is a wire cage that fits over the cork of a bottle of champagne, sparkling wine or beer to prevent the cork from emerging under the pressure of the carbonated contents. It derives its name from the French museler, to muzzle. The muselet often has a metal cap incorporated in the design which may show the drink maker's emblem. They are normally covered by a metal foil envelope. Muselets are also k

type of reuseable shopping bag

manufacturing process

beverage transport container

thumb|upright|A 250 V 16 A electrical wire on a reel thumb|upright|An irrigation reel with travelling sprinkler

thumb|The top of a flip-top bottle thumb|upright|Breaking the seal on a Flip-top A flip-top, swing-top, lightning toggle, or Quillfeldt stopper (after the inventor, Charles de Quillfeldt) is a type of bail closure frequently used for bottles containing carbonated beverages, such as beer or mineral water. The mouth of the bottle is sealed by a stopper, usually made of porcelain or plastic, fitted with a rubber gasket and held in place by a permanently attached wire bail. The bottle can be opened and resealed repeatedly without the use of a bottle opener, with the wires acting in the same way as

thumb|A bladder pack and a complete bag-in-box thumb|Several bag-in-box containers (here, containing Fountain drink|soft drink syrup), connected to a fountain drink system thumb|upright|Filling machinery A bag-in-box or BiB is a container for the storage and transportation of liquids. It consists of a strong bladder (or plastic bag), usually made of several layers of metallised film or other plastics, seated inside a corrugated fiberboard box. The BiB is used because of its easy transportation and ability to dispense liquids. It is mainly used in the food industry for transporting condiments a

thumb|German matchbox containing safety matches.

resealable plastic bag

European directive

thumb|A handmade sachet containing lavender. thumb|

gas used to pack sensitive materials such as food into a modified atmosphere environment

thermally insulating container

Microprinting is the production of recognizable patterns or characters in a printed medium at a scale that typically requires magnification to read with the naked eye. To the unaided eye, the text may appear as a solid line. Attempts to reproduce by methods of photocopy, image scanning, or pantograph typically translate as a dotted or solid line, unless the reproduction method can identify and recreate patterns to such scale. Microprint is predominantly used as an anti-counterfeiting technique, due to its inability to be easily reproduced by widespread digital methods.

filled bag designed to be frozen

thumb|Animation of the thermoforming process. Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, formed to a specific shape in a mold, and trimmed to create a usable product. The sheet, or "film" when referring to thinner gauges and certain material types, is heated in an oven to a high-enough temperature that permits it to be stretched into or onto a mold and cooled to a finished shape. Its simplified version is vacuum forming.

relative content of the chemical elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in fertilizer

packaging material

device used to show whether a locking device has been opened

thumb|An unboxing of a Traktor Kontrol Z2

simplified version of thermoforming, where a sheet of plastic is heated, stretched, and forced against a mold by a vacuum

material-handling equipment

the part of the waste that consists of packaging and packaging material

type of packaging that lowers the child's risk of ingesting hazardous materials

industrial-grade containers for transport and storage of liquids, semi-solids, pastes, or solids

recycling of bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate