Pavements

thumb|A single concrete block, as used for construction

A mosaic () is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.

thumb|upright=1.35|Gravel (largest fragment in this photo is about )

Tiles are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass. They are generally fixed in place in an array to cover roofs, floors, walls, edges, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. In another sense, a tile is a construction tile or similar object, such as rectangular counters used in playing games (see tile-based game). The w

thumb|Natural bitumen from the Dead Sea thumb|Refined bitumen thumb|upright|The University of Queensland [[pitch drop experiment, demonstrating the viscosity of bitumen]]

Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism. It is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but instead is in planes perpendicular to the direction of metamorphic compression.

material used for paving roads

building material used in construction during the late Roman Republic

movable or stationary machine that combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete

artificial gravel of angular shape, used as construction aggregate

thumb|Cobblestones on a road surface in Imola, Italy thumb|upright|Sett (paving)|Sett-paving, such as this surface in [[Fulham, south-west London, is also often referred to as "cobblestones".]]

stone, wood or tile structure which can serve as floor; pavement type with solid blocks

piece of natural stone used for paving roads, sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped to a regular form, whereas cobblestone naturally have a rounded shape due to erosion

durable surface material of a road

construction equipment used to lay asphalt

artwork technique of creating works in which pieces of hard, polished stone of varying shapes are set into marble or another hard surface to form a pattern

natural stone that has been finished to specific sizes and shapes

type of masonry construction used in Roman and medieval times

class of synthetic stone products

zigzagging chevron pattern

thumb|A metro ventilation grating in Lisbon

thumb|Portage Park (Chicago)|Portage Park in [[Chicago is known for its flagstone decorations.]]

broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction

thumb|A canopy walkway at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, England.]] thumb|upright|The SkyWalk main Arcade (architecture)|arcade facing east towards Union Station, [[Toronto, Ontario, Canada]] In American English, walkway is a composite or umbrella term for all engineered surfaces or structures which support the use of trails.

roads built with water pervious materials to limit surface runoff

type of concrete that uses polymers to replace lime-type cements as a binder

thumb|The screed on this Paver (vehicle)|paver spreads and smooths the asphalt.

Expansive chemical reaction damaging concrete

penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength of road subgrades and basecourses

pavement used for pedestrian areas

Handmade decorative sand-and-cement inlay tiles used for floors and walls

thumb|right|Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A.) Subgrade B.) Subbase (pavement)|Subbase C.) [[Base course D.) Paver base E.) Pavers F.) Fine-grained sand]] 450px|thumb|right|Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade In transport engineering, subgrade is the term used in the US for the native material underneath a constructed road, pavement or railway track (US: railroad track). In British English it is called formation level.

Magnesium-based cement: 1 MgCl2 for 3 Mg(OH)2

' (; , also known as ' (), is a concrete block, typically shaped as a regular hexagon or occasionally a tetragon, with stone fragments embedded in its upper layer. The types of stone used for these embedments, such as basalt and porphyry, vary depending on local availability. Cost-effective and durable, were widely implemented in Polish road construction during the interwar period. Between 1933 and 1938, these pavers were installed across an estimated 1 million square metres (11 × 106 sq ft) of roadway. Some of these paved surfaces remain extant in what are now Belarus and Ukrai

Bioasphalt is an asphalt alternative made from non-petroleum based renewable resources.

study of pavement deterioration

thumb|right|alt=A smooth tarmac road with a roller engine in action Tarmacadam (a portmanteau of "tar" and "macadam") or tarmac is a concrete road surfacing material made by combining tar and macadam (crushed stone and sand), patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century. The terms "tarmacadam" and "tarmac" are also used for a variety of other materials, including tar-grouted macadam, bituminous surface treatments and mo

classification for any type of road

pavement material

smaller chunks or particles of granite, produced by weathering

thumb|right|An example of sampietrini pavement thumb|right|An examples of sampietrini pavement

measure of road pavement thickness

research project

type of asphalt developed in Germany

asphalt road hazard

granular rubber material from grinding scrap vehicle tires

mulch made of rubber

thumb|Sidewalks are a common form of hardscaping Hardscape is hard landscape materials in the built environment structures that are incorporated into a landscape. This can include paved areas, driveways, retaining walls, sleeper walls, stairs, walkways, and any other landscaping made up of hard wearing materials such as wood, stone, and concrete, as opposed to softscape, the horticultural elements of a landscape.

layer of a paved road

thumb|A chipseal road near Kempton, Indiana in the United States