Phenylpropanoid glycosides

Verbascoside is a polyphenol glycoside in which the phenylpropanoid caffeic acid and the phenylethanoid hydroxytyrosol form an ester and an ether bond respectively, to the rhamnose part of a disaccharide, namely β-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-(4-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside.

Echinacoside is a natural phenol. It is a caffeic acid glycoside from the phenylpropanoid class. It is constituted from a trisaccharide consisting of two glucose and one rhamnose moieties glycosidically linked to one caffeic acid and one dihydroxyphenylethanol (hydroxytyrosol) residue at the centrally situated rhamnose. This water-soluble glycoside is a distinctive secondary metabolite of Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea pallida (to about 1%) but only occurs in trace amounts in Echinacea purpurea. It is also isolated from Cistanche spp.

Rosavin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is a diglycoside of cinnamyl alcohol. Rosavin and related glycosides of cinnamyl alcohol, including rosin and rosarin, are key chemical constituents of Rhodiola rosea L., (R. rosea). R. rosea is an important medicinal plant commonly used throughout Europe, Asia, and North America, that has been recognized as a botanical adaptogen by the European Medicines Agency. Rosavin production is specific to R. rosea and R. sachalinenis, and the biosynthesis of these glycosides occurs spontaneously in Rhodiola roots and rhizomes. The productio

Rosarin is a cinnamyl alcohol glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea.