Phoenicia in ancient sources

work by Herodotus

Encyclopedia published circa AD 77–79 by Pliny the Elder

5th century BC history book by Thucydides

book by Xenophon

thumb|Polyaenus, Stratagems in War, 1821 Polyaenus or Polyenus ( ; see ae (æ) vs. e; , "much-praised") was a 2nd-century Roman Macedonian author and rhetorician, known best for his Stratagems in War (), which has been preserved. He was born in Bithynia, Asia Minor. The Suda calls him a rhetorician, and Polyaenus himself writes that he was accustomed to plead causes before the Roman emperor. Polyaenus dedicated Stratagems in War to the two emperors Marcus Aurelius () and Lucius Verus (), while they were engaged in the Roman–Parthian War of 161–166, about 163, at which time he was too old to acc

thumb|200px|Title page of the 1620 edition of Isaac Casaubon's Geographica, whose 840 page numbers prefixed by "C" are now used as a standard text reference. The Geographica (, Geōgraphiká; or , "Strabo's 17 Books on Geographical Topics") or Geography, is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek in the late first century BC, or early first century AD, and attributed to Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent. There is a fragmentary palimpsest dating to the fifth century. The earliest manuscripts of books 1–9 date to the tent

work by Arrian

world history written by Diodorus Siculus

work by the 2nd century CE traveler Pausanias

book by Theophrastus

polemical work written by Flavius Josephus

ancient Greek periplus

literary work

313 CE Christian apologetics by Eusebius

Latin work by Macrobius

Greek treatise by Lucian of Samosata