Phytoremediation plants

Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. One of the first cultivated grains, it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets and making it much easier to harvest. Its use then spread throughout Eurasia by 2000 BC. Barley prefers relatively low temperatures and well-drained soil to grow. It is relatively tolerant of drought and soil salinity, but is less winter-hardy than wheat or rye.

species of flowering plant in the family of Asteraceae

species of plant, vegetable

species of plant

species of a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree and listed as an invasive species in several countries

cultivated crop

species of willow

species of mustard plant

species of plant

Phragmites () is a genus of four species of large perennial reed grasses found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.

Paulownia ( ) is a genus of seven to 17 species of hardwood trees (depending on taxonomic authority) in the family Paulowniaceae, the order Lamiales. The genus and family are native to east Asia and are widespread across China. The genus, originally Pavlovnia but now usually spelled Paulownia, was named in honour of Anna Pavlovna, queen consort of The Netherlands (1795–1865), daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia. It is also called "princess tree" for the same reason.

Pistia is a genus of aquatic plants in the arum family, Araceae. It is the sole genus in the tribe Pistieae which reflects its systematic isolation within the family. The single species it comprises, Pistia stratiotes, is often called water cabbage, water lettuce, Nile cabbage, or shellflower. Its native distribution is uncertain but is probably pantropical; it was first scientifically described from plants found on the Nile near Lake Victoria in Africa. It is now present, either naturally or through human introduction, in nearly all tropical and subtropical fresh waterways and is considered a

species of plant

species of plant

species of plant

species of plant

Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands. Also known as bayroot, they arose from within the arum or aroid family (Araceae), so often are classified as the subfamily Lemnoideae within the family Araceae. Other classifications, particularly those created prior to the end of the twentieth century, place them as a separate family, Lemnaceae.

thumb|upright=1.3|Some heavy metals such as copper and zinc are removed from the soil by moving up into the plant roots.

species of plant

species of plant

species of plant

species of plant

species of plant

scientific study of renewing and restoring ecosystems

Hydrilla (waterthyme) is a genus of aquatic plants, usually treated as containing just one species — Hydrilla verticillata, but some botanists divide it into several species. It is native to the cool and warm waters of the Old World in Asia, Africa, and Australia, with a sparse, scattered distribution; in Australia it occurs from the Northern Territory to Queensland and New South Wales.

species of plant

species of plant

right|thumb|Polypogon sp.

thumb|Viola lutea subsp. calaminaria, also known as the zinc violet, grows in soils high in zinc.

species of plant

species of plant

thumb|upright=1.35|Steps of usage of the arborloo. thumb|Arborloo in Ekwendeni, [[Malawi]] An arborloo is a simple type of composting toilet in which feces are collected in a shallow pit and a fruit tree is later planted in the fertile soil of the full pit. Arborloos have: a pit like a pit latrine but less deep; a concrete, ferrocement or other strong floor; a superstructure (toilet house or outhouse) to provide privacy; and possibly a ring beam to protect the pit from collapsing. The pit should remain well above the water table in the soil, so as to not contaminate groundwater.

thumb|A bioretention cell, also called a rain garden, in the [[United States. It is designed to treat polluted stormwater runoff from an adjacent parking lot. Plants are in winter dormancy.]]

species of plant

species of plant

species of plant

Rhizofiltration is a form of phytoremediation that involves filtering contaminated groundwater, surface water and wastewater through a mass of roots to remove toxic substances or excess nutrients. thumb|right|Studying plant roots