Political movements

Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. As one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum, socialism is the standard left-wing ideology in most countries. Types of socialism vary based on the role of markets

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations. A historically left-wing movement, anarchism is sometimes described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism).

Zionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in late 19th-century Europe to establish and support a Jewish homeland through colonization in the region of Palestine, which roughly corresponds to the Land of Israel in Judaism—itself central to Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land, as many Jews, and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible.

Libertarianism (from ; or from ) is a political philosophy that holds freedom, personal sovereignty, and liberty as primary values. Many libertarians believe that the concept of freedom is in accord with the non-aggression principle, according to which each individual has the right to live as they choose, as long as they do not violate the rights of others by initiating force or fraud against them.

thumb|250px|upright|Photograph of a slave boy in the Sultanate of Zanzibar. 'An Arab master's punishment for a slight offence.' . From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful weapon in the abolitionist arsenal.

rights of non-human animals

thumb|Polish anti-communist activists with a banner reading "Out with Communism" during a Śląsk Wrocław football match in March 2012

The Mensheviks () were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. Mensheviks held more moderate and reformist views as compared to the Bolsheviks, and were led by figures including Julius Martov and Pavel Axelrod.

Laissez-faire ( , from , ) implies that nothing restricts what happens, irrespective of the potential consequences.

Progressivism is a political philosophy and reform movement that seeks to progress the human condition through reforms. Adherents endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere throughout the globe. Progressivism arose during the Age of Enlightenment out of the belief that civility in Europe was improving due to the application of new empirical knowledge.

Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were opposed by many countries forming the Allies of World War II and dozens of resistance movements worldwide. Anti-fascism has been an element of movements across the political spectrum and holding many different political positions such as anarchism, communism, pacifism, republicanism, social democracy, socialism and syndicalism as well as centrist, conserva

movement which advocates a greater economic and political cooperation among nations

the principal human right, on which all others are based, and which every human being has simply by virtue of existing and being alive.

US Black power organization (1966–1982)

thumb|250px|Map of German dialects in Central Europe before 1938 Pan-Germanism ( or '), also occasionally known as Pan-Germanicism, is a pan-nationalist political idea. Pan-Germanism seeks to unify all ethnic Germans, German-speaking people, and possibly also non-German Germanic peoples – into a single nation-state known as Greater Germany'''.thumb|Distribution map - reconstruction attempt of Germanic settlement areas

thumb|264px|The red, black, and green flag, associated with Pan-Africanism and Black nationalism designed by the UNIA in 1920.

thumb|264px|Map of the Arab world thumb|264px|The flag of the Arab Revolt was originally used against the Ottoman Turks, and remains a prominent symbol of pan-Arabism. The design and colours are the basis of many modern Arab states' flags. thumb|264px|The Arab Liberation Flag was created by the Free Officers movement that led the [[1952 Egyptian revolution. The flag is associated with Nasserism, republicanism, and Pan-Arabism. Several modern Arab flags use the Arab Liberation Flag as a model.]]

thumb|right|The "Pyramid of Capitalist System" cartoon made by the [[Industrial Workers of the World (1911) is an example of a socialist critique of capitalism and of social stratification.]]

irredentist and nationalist concept to unite "traditionally Albanian" territories from several neighbouring countries

A grassroots movement uses the people in a given district, region, or community as the basis for a political or social movement. Grassroots movements and organizations use collective action from volunteers at the local level to implement change at the local, regional, national, or international levels. Grassroots movements are associated with bottom-up, rather than top-down decision-making, and are sometimes considered more natural or spontaneous than more traditional power structures.

largest territorial extent Romania has ever had in its history

thumb|300px|Socialist Alternative (Australia)|Socialist Alternative banner at the Global Climate Strike 2021 in [[Melbourne, Australia]]

movement to obtain a political goal

Fascist ideology as developed in Italy

Homonationalism is the selective acceptance of LGBTQ+ people in order to promote a nationalist ideology. It describes a phenomenon in which some nations strategically show increased support for LGBTQ+ rights as a means of reinforcing racial, religious, and cultural hierarchies. The term explains how discourses of sexual inclusion and LGBTQ+ acceptance, particularly in Western contexts, are used to justify xenophobic, Islamophobic, or racist policies, often by portraying marginalized communities as inherently homophobic and Western nations as sexually progressive.thumb|Demonstration against hom

form of nationalism based upon social equality, popular sovereignty, and national self-determination

decentralised informal network of anti-fascist groups focusing on the radical struggle against the far right

Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism. Anti-authoritarians usually believe in full equality before the law and strong civil liberties.

thumb|Portrait of Hugo Chávez, Simón Bolívar, and Nicolás Maduro Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, left-leaning and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America.

mid-19th century debate over the establishment of major German-language dominated state in Central Europe

social movement opposed to a nation's status of armed conflict

social movement for climate action

Femonationalism, sometimes known as feminationalism, is the association between a nationalist ideology and some feminist ideas when driven by xenophobic motivations, including in the context of Islamophobia. Femonationalism is short for "feminist and femocratic nationalism".

Jewish political movement to find an alternative territory, outside of the Middle East, for the creation of a Jewish homeland

opposition to Stalinism from those on the left-wing

idea/slogan, proposed by Henri Lefebvre in 1968, to reclaim the city as a co-created space—a place for life detached from the effects of commodification, capitalism, and spatial inequalities

The term heteronationalism refers to the ideological articulation between nationalism and heteronormativity, through which heterosexuality and traditional sexual values are used as markers of belonging, cohesion, and national pride, as well as criteria of superiority over other nations, cultures, or social groups.

situation after the February Revolution in which two powers competed for legitimacy: the Petrograd Soviet and the Russian Provisional Government

Wikimedia list article

series of loosely organized political movements in China

FairTax is a fixed rate sales tax proposal introduced as bill H.R. 25 in the United States Congress every year since 2005. The Fair Tax Act calls for elimination of the Internal Revenue Service and sets the stage for repeal of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. H.R. 25 would eliminate all federal income taxes (including the alternative minimum tax, corporate income taxes, and capital gains taxes), payroll taxes (including Social Security and Medicare taxes), gift taxes, and estate taxes, replacing every extant federal taxes with a single consumption tax levied on retail

Left-wing ideologies and movements among Jews

marxian economy centered around use value, planning and contribution-based distribution

Post-Islamism is a neologism in political science, the definition and applicability of which is disputed. Asef Bayat and Olivier Roy are among the main architects of the idea.

loose associations of autonomous organizations, groups, and individuals

group of Chinese democracy activists

thumb|right|250px|The Eagle of Taron as a symbol of Tseghakronism Tseghakronism () is a national, ethnic and political ideology toward a renewal of the spiritual, behavioral and cultural identity of the Armenian people. The aim of Tseghakronism is to unite the Armenian people on the territory of their historical homeland within a single Armenian state.

form of nationalism based on the belief that all inhabitants of a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption

The YIMBY (; or yimby, an acronym for the phrase for "yes in my back yard") movement, or YIMBYism, is a pro-housing social movement that focuses on encouraging new housing, opposing density limits (such as single-family zoning) and other housing supply regulations, and supporting public transportation. It stands in opposition to residents it calls NIMBY ("not in my back yard"), referring to those who generally oppose most forms of urban development in order to maintain the status quo, typically low-density suburban housing.

non-centralized group of lawyers, legal experts, and intellectuals in China

thumb|Maryland Sons of Confederate Veterans marching in [[Arlington National Cemetery in 2014|300px]]

2019 diplomatic conference

anti-authoritarian left-wing activist group

Carlotism was a political movement that took place in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata between 1808 and 1812; it intended to make Carlota Joaquina, Infanta of Spain and Queen Consort of Portugal, its monarch.

American youth movement advocating political action on climate change

proposed state in East Africa

thumb|Belarusian Honor Guard carrying the national flags of Belarus and the Soviet Union, as well as the Soviet victory banner, in Minsk, 2019.

Russian anarcho-communist organisation

"Palestinianism" is a term occasionally used to denote either the national political movement or identity of the Palestinian people. It gained currency by its use in the works of Edward Said to describe a certain vein of theology opposed to Christian Zionism and that challenges Zionism and the right of Israel to exist.