Zionism
Sign in to saveZionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in late 19th-century Europe to establish and support a Jewish homeland through colonization in the region of Palestine, which roughly corresponds to the Land of Israel in Judaism—itself central to Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land, as many Jews, and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible.
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Zionism is a nationalist movement that began in late 19th-century Europe with the goal of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine, a region historically significant in Judaism. The movement matters because it shaped the creation of Israel and remains central to ongoing debates about Jewish sovereignty, Palestinian rights, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Article
59 sectionsContents
- Etymology and terminology
- Beliefs
- National self-determination
- A Jewish home and state in Palestine
- Claim to a Jewish demographic majority
- Perceived deficiencies of assimilation, negation of diasporic life
- Zionism and secular Jewish identity
- Revival of the Hebrew language
- Conquest of labor
- Racial conceptions of Jewish identity
- Historical and religious background
- Proto-national characteristics in ancient Jewish identity
- Forerunners of Zionism
- History
- Jewish nationalism and emancipation
- Leon Pinsker, Theodor Herzl and the birth of modern political Zionism
- Territories considered
- Early Zionist settlement
- Second Aliyah
- The Balfour Declaration and World War I
- World War I period
- King–Crane Commission
- Beginning of Revisionist Zionism
- British Mandate and development of the Zionist quasi-state
- Zionist policies and the 1936–1939 Arab Revolt
- The Peel Commission partition proposal
- Nazism, World War II and the Holocaust
- End of the Mandate and expulsion of the Palestinians
- Hebraization of names
- Post-World War II
- Religious Zionism and the Six-Day War
- Types of Zionism
- Early Zionism
- Labor Zionism
- Synthetic and General Zionism
- Revisionist Zionism
- Religious Zionism
- Liberal Zionism
- Cultural Zionism
- Non-Jewish support
- Christian support
- Druze support
- Hindu support
- Anti-Zionism
- Characterization as racist
- Haredi Judaism and Zionism
- Anti-Zionism and antisemitism
- Zionism and colonialism
- European colonialism
- The transition from British sponsored colonialism to the Israeli state
- Colonization and colonialism
- Zionism as settler colonialism
- Palestinian experiences of Zionism
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Works cited
- Further reading
- External links
Zionism is an ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in late 19th-century Europe to establish and support a Jewish homeland through colonization in the region of Palestine, which roughly corresponds to the Land of Israel in Judaism—itself central to Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land, as many Jews, and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible.
Zionism initially emerged in Central and Eastern Europe as a secular nationalist movement in the late 19th century, in reaction to new waves of antisemitism and in response to the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Zionist movement, now led by Theodor Herzl, associated this national revival with Palestine, then under Ottoman rule. The arrival of Zionist settlers to Palestine during this period is widely seen as the start of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The Zionist claim to Palestine was based on the notion that the Jews' historical right to the land outweighed that of the Arabs.