Politics and race

Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race or ethnicity over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different ethnic background. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or

Apartheid ( , especially South African English:  , ; , ) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap ( 'boss-ship' or 'boss-hood'), which ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially, and economically by the nation's minority white population. Under this minoritarian system, white citizens held the highest status, followed by Indians, Coloureds and black Africans, in that order. The economic le

280px|thumb|right| James Fearon's ranking of countries by ethnic and [[cultural diversity level in 2003, blue is lower and orange is higher.]] Multiculturalism is the coexistence of multiple cultures. The word is used in sociology, in political philosophy, and colloquially. In sociology and everyday usage, it is usually a synonym for ethnic or cultural pluralism in which various ethnic and cultural groups exist in a single society. It can describe a mixed ethnic community area where multiple cultural traditions exist or a single country. Groups associated with an indigenous, aboriginal or auto

Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greater autonomy are usually not considered separatists. Some discourse settings equate separatism with religious segregation, racial segregation, or sex segregation, while other discourse settings take the broader view that separation by choice may serve useful purposes and is not the same as government-enforced segregation. There is some academic de

separation of humans based on race

movement which advocates a greater economic and political cooperation among nations

racist belief that white people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds

thumb|264px|The red, black, and green flag, associated with Pan-Africanism and Black nationalism designed by the UNIA in 1920.

form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity

1914–1997 political party known for implementing apartheid

type of nationalism or pan-nationalism which advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people

nordic nazist movement and party

conceptual framework regarding society, race, and culture

term describing Malay people in Malaysia generally, including indigenous people in Sabah and Sarawak

Australian policy that intentionally favoured immigrants to Australia from some other English-speaking and other European countries

United Nations General Assembly resolution adopted in 1975

political and social movement and ideology

British-American anthropologist

thumb|150px|National-Anarchist star

international Neo-Nazi terrorist network

political party

societal privilege based on skin lightness

racist color-metaphor that represents East Asian peoples as an 'existential danger' to the West Europe and America

Primordialism is the idea that nations or ethnic identities are fixed, natural, and ancient. Primordialists argue that each individual has a single inborn ethnic identity independent of historical processes. While implicit primordialist assumptions are common in society and academic research, primordialism is widely rejected by scholars of nationalism and ethnicity, as individuals can have multiple ethnic identities which are changeable and socially constructed.

In sociology, tokenism is the social practice of making a perfunctory and symbolic effort towards the equitable inclusion of members of a minority group, especially by recruiting people from under-represented social-minority groups in order for the organization to give the public appearance of racial and gender equality, usually within a workplace, government, or a school. The sociological purpose of tokenism is to give the appearance of inclusivity to a workplace or a school that is not as culturally diverse (racial, religious, sexual, etc.) as the rest of society.

group of skinheads opposing racism

racist belief that black people are superior to people of other racial backgrounds

An ethnocracy is a type of political structure featuring "rule by a particular in a multi-ethnic situation". Ethnocracies may involve a state apparatus controlled by a dominant ethnic group (or groups) to further that group's perceived interests, power, dominance, and resources. Ethnocratic régimes in the modern era typically display a 'thin' democratic façade covering a more profound ethnic structure, in which ethnicity (race, religion, language, etc.) — and not citizenship — is the key to securing power and resources. An ethnocratic society facilitates the ethnicization of the state by the

thumb|Satellite photograph of Asia in orthographic projection. Pan-Asianism (also known as Asianism or Greater Asianism) is an ideology aimed at creating a political and economic unity among Asian peoples. Various theories and movements of Pan-Asianism have been proposed, particularly from East, South and Southeast Asia. The motive for the movement was in opposition to the values of Western imperialism and colonialism, and that Asian values were superior to European values.

white supremacist movement; racial expression

ideology held by some White South Africans in South Africa

Hatred or prejudice against Arabs

political concept emphasising Malay preeminence in present-day Malaysia

Tanzanian et al Albianism

political party (Formed in 1977 as a coalition of ethnically-based political groupings; reorganized as a single party in 1991.)

far-right ethnic supremacist ideology that asserts the ethnic superiority of Hutu, often in the context of being superior to Tutsi and Twa, which led to the 1994 Rwandan genocide

UNESCO statement about issues of race

music genre

study of the structures that produce white privilege, the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, and the exploration of other social phenomena related to White people

white nationalist political slogan and movement

Arab nationalist movement in Khuzestan advocating for Arab separatism from Iran

ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity

guilt felt by some white people for harm resulting from racist treatment of ethnic minorities

question of the race of ancient Egyptians

political ideology applied to a group of African people descent who identify with the principles of anarchism

thumb|Maryland Sons of Confederate Veterans marching in [[Arlington National Cemetery in 2014|300px]]

legislation prohibiting interracial relationships

South-African government plan to redress the inequalities of apartheid

movement that encouraged black people to embrace their African heritage & culture

Government body for Germanization of Polish lands

Self-segregation or auto-segregation is the separation of a religious, ethnic, or racial group from other groups in a country by the group itself naturally. This usually results in decreased social interactions between different ethnic, racial or religious groups and can be classed as a form of social exclusion.

International conference held in London, July 1900

Third Position American political party that promotes white nationalism

Quotaism is the concept of organizing society by a quota system, whether by racial, gender, language or another demographic attribute. Examples of quotas include gender quotas, racial quota, and reservations. The basic premise is to have demographics represented at all levels and aspects of the civilization according to national statistics.

Polyculturalism is an ideological approach to the consequences of intercultural engagements within a geographical area which emphasises similarities between, and the enduring interconnectedness of, groups which self-identify as distinct, thus blurring the boundaries which may be perceived by members of those groups.

quota system of Bangladesh