Protestant monarchs

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history and culture, gave name to the Elizabethan era.

Queen of Denmark from 1972 to 2024 (born 1940)

Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

James VI and I was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603, until his death in 1625. Though he long attempted to get both countries to adopt a closer political union, the kingdoms of Scotland and England remained sovereign states ruled by James in personal union, with their own parliaments, judiciaries and laws.

king of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1702 (1650-1702)

German prince who became the first King of the Belgians (1790–1865)

Queen of England and Ireland in July 1553

Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1694 (1662-1694)

Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948 (1880-1962)

King of Denmark since 2024

Liliʻuokalani (; Lydia Liliʻu Loloku Walania Kamakaʻeha; September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) was the only queen regnant and the last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling from January 29, 1891, until the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, in a coup that was led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents (five Americans, one Scotsman, and one German) and six Hawaiian Kingdom subjects of American descent in Honolulu. The composer of "Aloha ʻOe" and numerous other works, she wrote her autobiography ''Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen'' (189

King of Greece (r. 1863–1913)

King of Denmark from 1863 to 1906

King of Denmark (1912–1947) and Iceland (1918–1944)

king of Denmark and Norway (1577–1648)

King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972

King of Tonga

King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1815-1840 (1772-1843)

King of Denmark from 1906 to 1912

King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1840 to 1849 (1792-1849)

king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden

King of Denmark and Norway from 1648 to 1670

king of Denmark and Norway

King of Denmark and Norway (1749-1808)

King of Norway 1814, King of Denmark 1839-1848

King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1817-1890)

King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863

King of Denmark and Norway (1768–1839)

King of Denmark and Norway (1534–1588)

king of Denmark and Norway

king of Denmark and Norway (1699–1730)

Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia

Queen of Navarre from 1555 to 1572

King of Denmark and Norway

king of Denmark and Norway (1646–1699)

Bulgarian ruler (1857–1893)

last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1861-1917)

Duke of Prussia from 1525 to 1568

Duke of Nassau (1839–1866), later Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1905)

Kalākaua (David Laʻamea Kamanakapuʻu Māhinulani Nālaʻiaʻehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua; November 16, 1836 – January 20, 1891), was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, reigning from February 12, 1874, until his death in 1891. Succeeding Lunalilo, he was elected to the vacant throne of Hawaiʻi against Queen Emma. Kalākaua was known as the Merrie Monarch for his convivial personality – he enjoyed entertaining guests with his singing and ukulele playing. At his coronation and his birthday jubilee, the hula, which had hitherto been banned in public in the kingdom, b

Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1905 to 1912

Prince of Albania (1876–1945)

Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Queen of Imerina (1868-1883)

King of the Hawaiian Islands from 1825 to 1854

16th century Duke of Prussia

Monarch of Tonga (1918-1965)

Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1713-1780)

founder of the House of Hanover

King of the Hawaiian Islands (1834–1863)

Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1735

Elector of Hesse

King of Hawaii from 1863 to 1872

last Elector of Hesse-Kassel

German Grand Duke (1779-1860)

Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo; January 31, 1835 – February 3, 1874) was the sixth monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii from his election on January 8, 1873, until his death a year later.

German officer (1771–1815), ruler of Brunswick (1806–1807; 1813–15)

King of Tahiti

Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg and Brunswick-Lüneberg (1624-1705)