Category

Proto-evolutionary biologists

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

French naturalist (1744-1829)

Thomas Robert Malthus

British political economist (1766–1834)

Johann Gottfried Herder

German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803)

Chinese Taoist philosopher (c. 369–286 BC)

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

French natural historian (1707-1788)

John Frederick William Herschel

English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and photographer (*1792 – †1871)

Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist; (1726-1797)

Athanasius Kircher

German Jesuit scholar (1601 or 1602-1680)

Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis

French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters

Karl Ernst von Baer

Baltic German scientist (1792-1876)

Matthias Jacob Schleiden

German botanist and philosopher (1804-1881)

English physician (1731-1802)

Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle

Swiss botanist (1778–1841)

Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition" (1772-1844)

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist (1752 – 1840)

Johan Fabricius

Danish zoologist (1745–1808)

Bernard Germain de Lacépède

French naturalist (1756-1825)

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

French naturalist (1783-1840)

French naturalist (1727-1806)

English zoologist and pharmacist (1810–1873)

Genevan philosopher and naturalist (1720–1793)

Christian Leopold von Buch

German geologist (1774-1853)

Pierre Jean George Cabanis

French physiologist and materialist philosopher (1757-1808)

Giulio Cesare Vanini

Italian philosopher

Frédéric Cuvier

French biologist (1773-1838)

Scottish physician, anatomist, zoologist and ethnologist (1791-1862)

Austrian geologist, physician and botanist (1794-1881)

Robert Chambers

Scottish publisher and writer (1802–1871)

Wilhelm Hofmeister

German botanist (1824-1877)

Alexander Keyserling

Baltic German scientist (1815-1891)

German naturalist (1813-1887)

Robert Edmond Grant

anatomist/zoologist (1793-1874)

Christian Konrad Sprengel

German botanist (1750-1816)

16th century English Protestant reformer, physician and natural historian

Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent

French naturalist, geographer and officer (1778-1846)

British scientist; (1774-1854)

Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus

German biologist (1776-1837)

Karl Friedrich von Gaertner

German botanist (1772-1850)

Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter

German botanist and zoologist (1733-1806)

Austrian botanist and paleontologist (1800-1870)

Jean-Baptiste Robinet

French scientist (1735-1820)

Antoine Nicolas Duchesne

French botanist (1747-1827)

Johann Friedrich Meckel the younger

German anatomist (1781-1833)

James Burnett, Lord Monboddo

Scottish judge, scholar of language evolution and philosopher

Heinrich Georg Bronn

German scientist (1800-1862)

James Cowles Prichard

English physician and anthropologist

Filippo de Filippi

Italian zoologist (1814-1867)

William Charles Wells

Scottish-American physician and printer

William Herbert

British botanist, botanical illustrator, poet, and clergyman (1778–1847)

Friedrich Tiedemann

German zoologist

Giovanni Battista Brocchi

Italian naturalist, mineralogist and geologist (1772-1826)

Benoît de Maillet

French naturalists, biologist and diplomat (1656-1738)

Charles Victor Naudin

French naturalist and botanist (1815-1899)

English botanist (1804–1881)

Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy

Belgian geologist (1783-1875)

Hermann Schaaffhausen

German anatomist (1816–1893)

colonial American doctor and botanist (1711-1768)

English mathematician (1796-1860)

Patrick Matthew

British scientist