Public health

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Starting in January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global health emergency; they declared the end of the emergency in May 2023.

Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population, and application of this knowledge to prevent diseases.

prevention of disease and promotion of wellbeing of humans and animals

science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals

statistical measure of how long a person or organism may live, based on factors of their life

insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring medical and healthcare expenses

statistical concept of infant deaths

scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness

risk management strategy emphasizing caution in scientific proceedings

In medicine, comorbidity refers to the simultaneous presence of two or more medical conditions in a person; often co-occurring (that is, concomitant or concurrent) with a primary condition. It originates from the Latin term (meaning "sickness") prefixed with ("together") and suffixed with -ity (to indicate a state or condition). Comorbidity includes all additional ailments a person may experience alongside a primary diagnosis, which can be either physiological or psychological in nature. In the context of mental health, comorbidity may refer to the concurrent existence of mental disorders, for

process of finding and identifying people in close contact with someone who is infected with a transmissible pathogen

death rate of infants and young children

system that grants access to healthcare to all residents or citizens of a country or region

education for awareness of and influence on the attitude of health

range of public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors

international treaty on recreational drugs

UN treaty on recreational drugs

policy area, which deals with the planning, organization, management and financing of the health system

declarations

species of virus

Veterinary epidemiology (also known as epizootiology or epizoology) is the branch of epidemiology that studies the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in animal populations. While human epidemiology focuses on disease in human populations, veterinary epidemiology applies the same principles and methods to domestic animals, livestock, and wildlife, with the goal of preventing, mitigating, or eliminating the impact of disease in susceptible populations. In veterinary practice, epidemiological methods are used not only to enhance animal health but also to improve produ

states of emergency and regimes of exception decreed by COVID-19

control and regulation of psychoactive drugs

tax or surcharge on soft drinks

non-communicable diseases linked with the way people live their life, commonly caused by lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating, alcohol, drugs and smoking

isolation of a geographic area to prevent the spread of infectious disease

governing body of the World Health Organization

medical field that takes social context into account

field relating to leadership, management, and administration of hospitals, hospital networks, health care systems, and public health systems

healthcare for people identified as LGBT

unmotorised transport powered by human physical activity

economic and social conditions that influence individual and group differences in health status

condition in which a person loses the ability to hear due to exposure to high intensity sound

Salutogenesis is the study of the origins (genesis) of health (salus) and focuses on factors that support human health and well-being, rather than on factors that cause disease (pathogenesis). More specifically, the "salutogenic model" was originally concerned with the relationship between health, stress, and coping through a study of Holocaust survivors. Despite going through the dramatic tragedy of the Holocaust, some survivors were able to thrive later in life. The discovery that there must be powerful health causing factors led to the development of salutogenesis. The term was coined by Aa

impact of a health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators

type of death (natural / not natural)

Areas dominated by surface waterbodies

hearing loss caused by occupational hazards

diseases more prevalent in low-income populations

Euthenics () is the study of the improvement of human functioning and well-being by the improvement of living conditions. "Improvement" is conducted by altering external factors such as education and the controllable environments, including environmentalism, education regarding employment, home economics, sanitation, and housing, as well as the prevention and removal of contagious disease and parasites.

impartiality in the quality of health and healthcare

Nuisance (from archaic nocence, through Fr. noisance, nuisance, from Lat. nocere, "to hurt") is a common law tort. It means something which causes offence, annoyance, trouble or injury. A nuisance can be either public (also "common") or private. A public nuisance was defined by English scholar Sir James Fitzjames Stephen as,

field of public health focusing on the health of communities

tax

a substance, a condition or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment or adversely affect people's health

any effort or policy designed to improve public health

Autobesity, also known as car bloat, truck bloat and carspreading, is the trend, beginning in about the 1990s, of cars increasing in average size and weight. The average weight of cars sold in Europe increased by 21% between 2001 and 2022. In the United States, SUVs and pickup trucks comprised more than 75% of new sales in 2024 compared to 38% in 2009.

metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem

difficult situation or complex health system that affects humans in one or more geographic areas

thumb|Example representation of the environmental factors characterizing the exposome The exposome is a concept used to describe environmental exposures that an individual encounters throughout life, and how these exposures impact biology and health. It encompasses both external and internal factors, including chemical, physical, biological, and social factors that may influence human health. In 2023, the Banbury Exposomic Consortium established a consensus definition of the exposome as, "Briefly, the exposome is posited as an integrated compilation of all physical, chemical, biological, and (

deleterious experiences in the first 18 years of life

method to assess impacts of an action or risk factor on health and to produce a set of evidence-based recommendations to inform decision-making

thumb|1966 AMC Ambassador DPL advertisement Motonormativity (also motornormativity, windshield bias, car blindness, or, pejoratively, car brain) is an unconscious cognitive bias in which the social norms of private motor car ownership and use, and their societal effects and externalities, are assumed to be natural, universal, inevitable, neutral, and non-negotiable. It is a type of normativity based on the presupposed role of cars in society.

surcharge on fattening foods or drinks

Polizeiwissenschaft (, literally "Police science", though "Polizei" may in this case be better translated as "Public Policy" or "Politics" in a broad sense) was a discipline born in the first third of the 18th century which lasted until the middle of the 19th century.

the authority of the government at various jurisdictional levels to improve the health of the general population within societal limits and norms

preparedness rating

the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice

concept in urban design

change in health behaviors