Recent African origin of modern humans

matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans

dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans, according to which Homo sapiens developed in the Horn of Africa 300–200 kya and dispersed to the rest of the world in multiple events

patrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans

extinct relative of modern humans (Homo) from the past half million years (such as Neanderthals)

former lake (paleolake) in Botswana

British paleoanthropologist

Homo sapiens fossils

British geneticist and science writer (1947–2020)

mtDNA

British geneticist

model of early human migration

hominin fossil

2001 novel by Bryan Sykes

prehistoric cave in Mount Carmel, Israel

American geneticist

Archaeological site in Israel

American paleoanthropologist

geographic corridor between the Mediterranean and the Arabian desert, which connects Africa to Eurasia

Human mitochondrial lineage

Paleolithic fossils from caves in Israel

American paleoanthropologist

American geneticist

Estonian geneticist (born 1969)