Resins

Cashew is the common name of a tropical evergreen tree Anacardium occidentale, in the family Anacardiaceae. It is the source of the cashew nut (often simply called a 'cashew') and the cashew apple. The tree can grow as tall as .

thumb|right|Insect trapped in resin thumb|upright|Cedar of Lebanon cone showing flecks of resin as used in the [[mummification of Egyptian Pharaohs ]]

thumb|Frankincense thumb|Boswellia carteri tree that produces frankincense, growing inside [[Biosphere 2]] Frankincense, also known as olibanum (), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected

thumb|right|alt=Small lumps of myrrh resin|Myrrh resin

species of plant

right|thumb|upright=1.4|Some of the many different colors of shellac thumb|right|Shellac in alcohol

Turpentine (which is also called spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, terebenthine, terebenthene, terebinthine and, colloquially, turps) is a fluid obtainable by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, mainly pines. Principally used as a specialized solvent, it is also a source of material for organic syntheses.

thumb|A piece of rosin at Mimizan Heritage House, France

resin obtained from the mastic tree

Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. It is a product of the dehydration of sugars, as occurs in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word , meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Furfural is derived only from dried biomass. In addition to ethanol, acetic acid, and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest known organic chemicals available readily purif

thumb|Copal from Madagascar with [[spiders, termites, ants, elateridae, hymenoptera, cockroach and a flower]] thumb|A sample of copal containing a few termites

Agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood, gaharuwood, commonly referred to as oud or oudh (from , ), is a fragrant, dark and resinous wood used in incense, perfume, and small hand carvings.

Asafoetida (/æsəˈfɛtɪdə/; also spelled asafetida) is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of Ferula, perennial herbs of the carrot family. It is produced in Iran, Afghanistan, India, Central Asia and north-western China (Xinjiang). Different regions have different botanical sources.

species of plant

balsamic resin obtained from trees in the genus Styrax

Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap) which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum "gum of the balsam tree," ultimately from a Semitic source such as ) owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead. thumb|180px|Balsamum tolutanum, Myroxylon balsamum thumb|180px|Myroxylon, the source of [[Balsam of Peru and Balsam of Tolu, is a genus of tree grown in Central America and South America. Pictured is Myroxylon peruiferum. ]]

Myroxylon is a genus of Fabaceae native to Latin America.

Urushiol is an oily mixture of organic compounds with allergenic and sensitizing properties found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, especially Toxicodendron spp. (e.g., poison oak, Chinese lacquer tree, poison ivy, poison sumac), Comocladia spp. (maidenplums), Metopium spp. (poisonwood), and also in parts of the mango tree and the fruit of the cashew tree.

painting material and natural resin

species of plant. a morning glory

thumb|Sandarac tears Sandarac (or sandarach) is a resin obtained from the small cypress-like tree Tetraclinis articulata. The tree is native to the northwest of Africa with a notable presence in the Southern Morocco part of the Atlas Mountains. The resin exudes naturally on the stems of the tree. It is also obtained by making cuts on the bark. It solidifies when exposed to the air. It is sold in the form of small solid translucent chips with a delicate yellow tinge. Morocco is the main place of origin of sandarac. A similar resin is obtained in southern Australia from some species of the Austr

painting implement

Gamboge ( ) is a deep-yellow pigment derived from a species of tree that primarily grows in Cambodia. Popular in East Asian watercolor works, it has been used across a number of media dating back to the 8th century. Easy to transport and manipulate into a durable watercolor paint, gamboge is notable for its versatility as a pigment in how it has been used in paintings, printing of books, and garment dyes, including the robes of Buddhist monks. Gamboge is toxic to humans, and is potentially deadly in large doses. Due to its toxicity and poor lightfastness, gamboge is no longer used in paints, t

thumb|Ferula gummosa, from which galbanum comes. thumbnail|Galbanum flowers, Kurdistan mountains, [[Hewraman.]] Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus Ferula, chiefly Ferula gummosa (synonym F. galbaniflua) and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran. It occurs usually in hard or soft, irregular, more or less translucent and shining lumps, or occasionally in separate tears, of a light-brown, yellowish or greenish-yellow colour. Galbanum has a disagree

thumb|SEM image of a geopolymer granule prepared from metakaolin by alkaline activation to be further used as a sorbent. A geopolymer is an inorganic, often ceramic-like material, that forms a stable, covalently bonded, non-crystalline to semi-crystalline network through the reaction of aluminosilicate materials with an alkaline or acidic solution. Many geopolymers may also be classified as alkali-activated cements or acid-activated binders. They are mainly produced by a chemical reaction between a chemically reactive aluminosilicate powder e.g. metakaolin or other clay-derived powders, natura

resinous matrix of cannabinoids derived from cannabis

tree resin obtained from the family Dipterocarpaceae

herbal preparation

species of plant

historical perfume used medicinally, of herbal origin

thumb|right|Bdellium resin Bdellium (also bdellion or false myrrh) is a semi-transparent oleo-gum resin extracted from Commiphora wightii plants, and from Commiphora africana trees growing in sub-Saharan Africa. According to Pliny the best quality came from Bactria. Other named sources for the resin are India, Pakistan, Arabia, Media, and Babylon.

a natural resinous substance obtained from the Myroxylon balsamum tree, extracted by making incisions in the tree bark and collecting the resinous sap

resinous secretion of lac insects

thumb|Copaifera langsdorffii in a park in São Paulo, Brazil Copaiba is an oleoresin obtained from the trunk of several pinnate-leaved South American leguminous trees (genus Copaifera). The thick, transparent exudate varies in color from light gold to dark brown, depending on the ratio of resin to essential oil. Copaiba is used in making varnishes and lacquers.

fragrant resin from the genus liquidambar

thumb|Cistus creticus, the pink rockrose, is one source of labdanum. Labdanum, also called ladanum, ladan, or ladanon, is a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrubs Cistus ladanifer ('gum rockrose', western Mediterranean) and Cistus creticus ('pink rockrose', eastern Mediterranean), species of rock rose. It was historically used in herbal medicine and is still used in the preparation of some perfumes and vermouths.

species of plant

elongated, tube-shaped intercellular spaces surrounded

thumb|Natural asphalt/bitumen from the Dead Sea thumb|Apothecary vessel of the 18th century with inscription MUMIA thumb|Egyptian mummy seller (1875, Félix Bonfils) thumb|Wooden apothecary vessel with inscription "MUMIÆ", Hamburg Museum Mummia, mumia, or originally mummy referred to several different preparations in the history of medicine, from "mineral pitch" to "powdered human mummies". It originated from Arabic mūmiyā "a type of resinous bitumen found in Western Asia and used curatively" in traditional Islamic medicine, which was translated as pissasphaltus (from "pitch" and "asphalt") in

group of chemical compounds

Oleoresin is a terpene-rich defensive secretion of conifer trees, composed of a volatile turpentine fraction, and a semi-solid resin and essential or fatty oil. The oleoresin of conifers are known as crude turpentine or gum turpentine, which consists of oil of turpentine and rosin.

Ammoniacum or gum ammoniac is a gum-resin exuded from the several perennial herbs in the genus Ferula of the umbel family (Apiaceae). There are three types of ammoniacum: the gums ammoniac of Cyrenaica, of Persia (the commercial one today), and of Morocco.

Oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora guidottii

food additive

Retinite is resin, particularly from beds of brown coal which are near amber in appearance, but contain little or no succinic acid. It may conveniently serve as a generic name, since no two independent occurrences prove to be alike, and the indefinite multiplication of names, no one of them properly specific, is not to be desired.

The is a log of fragrant agarwood currently placed in the Shōsōin repository in the Tōdai-ji. The wood was first imported into Japan during the Nara period in the 8th century. It is considered a famous piece of incense wood due to its proximity and circumstance of the spread of Japanese Buddhism. It is claimed to have been placed in the repository by Empress Kōmyō in memory of Emperor Shōmu.

thumb|A Georgian japanned tin tea tray—severely worn—black lacquer and gilt made in Birmingham, UK

shipbuilding term

organic liquids added to wood to enhance its strength