Rival successions

Jacobitism was a political ideology advocating the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne. When James II of England chose exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England ruled he had "abandoned" the English throne, which was given to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and his nephew, her husband William III. In April 1689, on the same basis, the Scottish Convention awarded Mary and William the throne of Scotland.

thumb|Carlist flag from the Third Carlist War (c. 1875), with the Carlist motto [[Dios, patria y rey ("God, Fatherland and King")]] Carlism (; ; ; ) is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty, one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855), on the Spanish throne.

thumb|"The Four Napoleons", 1858 propaganda image depicting Napoleon|Napoleon I, [[Napoleon II, Napoleon III, and Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial]]

thumb|right|Legitimist flag bearing the great arms of the Legitimist pretender to the crown of France since 1962

Wikimedia list article

Wikimedia list article

a problem arising when multiple people claim the title of emperor

noble family disputes within the samurai and aristocratic classes of Japan

right|thumb|A period cartoon, showing the conflict between the Two Brothers, as children, supported and instigated, respectively, by the French King Louis Philippe I, representing the liberal side, and Czar [[Nicholas I of Russia, representing the anti-liberalist Holy Alliance]]

noble family dispute within the Date samurai clan, which occurred in 1671.