Roman fortifications in England

defensive fortification in Roman Britain

county town of Lancashire, England

Eboracum () was a fort and later a city in the Roman province of Britannia. In its prime it was the largest town in northern Britannia and a provincial capital. The site remained occupied after the decline of the Western Roman Empire and ultimately developed into the present-day city of York, in North Yorkshire, England.

Maryport is a town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town is on the coast of the Solway Firth and lies at the northern end of the former Cumberland Coalfield. Maryport lies approximately north-west of the Lake District National Park. It includes the site of the Roman settlement of Alauna. The modern town was developed from the mid-18th century around a new harbour built at the mouth of the River Ellen. The parish also includes the village of Flimby. At the 2021 census, the built-up area had a population of 8,525, while the parish had a population of 10,865.

Reculver is a village and coastal resort about east of Herne Bay on the north coast of Kent in south-east England. It is in the ward of the same name, in the City of Canterbury district of Kent.

series of Roman fortifications

thumb|Plan of fort in 210 AD thumb|The late Praetorium thumb|300px|The site

archeological site in Cumbria, England, UK

Roman fort in Northumberland, England, UK

Roman fort

Roman settlement in Devon, England, UK

thumb|350px|Cilurnum (1964 OS map) thumb|300px|Fort, baths and vicus thumb|150px|Cilurnum Fort plan thumb|150px|Cilurnum baths

thumb|300px|Wallsend fort at top right (1964 OS map). Hadrian’s Wall is delineated by its [[milecastles, e.g. MC 1 and MC 2]] thumb|Wallsend fort plan (3rd century)

castrum

Roman fort at Richborough, Ash, United Kingdom

thumb|300px|Brocolitia (1964 OS map) thumb|Carrawburgh plan thumb|Baths

Roman settlement in Lincoln, United Kingdom

Mamucium, also known as Mancunium, is a former Roman fort in the Castlefield area of Manchester in North West England. The castrum, which was founded c. AD 79 within the province of Roman Britain, was garrisoned by a cohort of Roman auxiliaries near two major Roman roads running through the area. Several sizeable civilian settlements (or vicus) containing soldiers' families, merchants and industry developed outside the fort. The area is a protected Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Anderitum (also Anderida or Anderidos) was a Saxon Shore fort in the Roman province of Britannia. The ruins adjoin the west end of the village of Pevensey in East Sussex, England. The fort was built in the 290s and was abandoned after it was sacked in 471 (491 according to the disputed Anglo-Saxon Chronicles). It was re-inhabited by Saxons and in the 11th century the Normans built a castle within the east end of the fort.

thumb|350px|Vindobala from 1964 OS map

Vinovia or Vinovium was a Roman fort and settlement situated just over to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River Wear in County Durham, England. The fort was the site of a hamlet until the late Middle Ages, but the modern-day village of Binchester is about to the east, near Spennymoor. The ruins are now known as the Binchester Roman Fort.

thumb|300px|Camboglanna (based on 1964 OS map) thumb|Camboglanna Lidar image

Manduessedum or Manduesedum was a Roman fort and later a civilian small town in the Roman Province of Britannia. It was located on and immediately to the east of the site of the modern village of Mancetter, located in the English county of Warwickshire, close to the modern town of Atherstone. The name is of Romano-Celtic origin, and is likely derived from the Gaulish essedum, meaning 'chariot', whilst the first element mandu was common in Gaulish place names, but its meaning is obscure.

Roman fort (castrum) on Hadrian's Wall

Gariannonum, or Gariannum, was a Roman Saxon Shore fort in Norfolk, England. The Notitia Dignitatum, a Roman Army "order of battle" from about AD 400, lists nine forts of the Saxon Shore in south and east England, among which one was called Gariannonor. It has been much discussed over the years in terms of spelling (Gariannonum, Garianonum, Gariannum), purpose (whether it really was intended for defence against Saxon raids), and location (whether it was Burgh Castle or the Caister-on-Sea site). The fort is listed as being commanded by the Praepositus equitum stablesianorum, implying its garris

thumb|300px|High Rochester and nearby forts thumb|400px|Forts in northern Britain 270 AD thumb|300px|High Rochester surroundings and cemetery thumb|300px|Defensive ditches at High Rochester thumb|300px|Bremenium groundplan (1902) thumb|A lidar view of Bremenium Roman fort, vicus and Birdhope camps in Northumberland

thumb|300px|Conquest of Roman Britain campaigns 43-60 AD Glevum (or, more formally, Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or occasionally Glouvia) was originally a Roman fort in Roman Britain that became a "colonia" of retired legionaries in AD 97. Today, it is known as Gloucester, in the English county of Gloucestershire. The name Glevum is taken by many present-day businesses in the area and also by the 26-mile Glevum Way, a long-distance footpath or recreational walk encircling modern Gloucester.

Roman settlement in northern England

Longovicium (or Lanchester Roman Fort) was an auxiliary fort located on Roman Dere Street, in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior. It is located just southwest of Lanchester () in the English county of Durham, roughly to the west of the city of Durham and from Consett.

Hunnum (also known as Onnum, and with the modern name of Halton Chesters) was a Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall located north of the modern-day village of Halton, Northumberland in North East England. It was the fifth fort on Hadrian's Wall and is situated about 7.5 miles west of Vindobala fort, 5.9 miles east of Chesters fort and 2.5 miles north of the Stanegate fort of Coria (Corbridge). The site of the fort is bisected by the B6318 Military Road, which runs along the route of the wall at that point.

thumb|Part of a late copy of the Tabula Peutingeriana|Peutinger Map, showing Roman roads between Richborough, Dover, Canterbury and Lympne Dubris, also known as Portus Dubris and Dubrae, was a port in Roman Britain on the site of present-day Dover, Kent, England.

Roman fort

Roman fort

thumb|300px|Aesica on 1964 OS map thumb|300px|Great Chesters plan (with Milecastle 43 in red)

Aballava or Aballaba (with the modern name of Burgh by Sands) was a Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, between Petriana (Stanwix) to the east and Coggabata (Drumburgh) to the west. It is about one and a half miles south of the Solway Firth, and its purpose was to guard the south end of two important Solway fords, the Peat Wath and the Sandwath, which were also to become favourite routes for medieval border raiders.

thumb|350px|Condercum on 1964 OS map thumb|300px|Plan of Condercum fort

Coggabata, or Congavata / Concavata, (with the modern name of Drumburgh) was a Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, between Aballava (Burgh by Sands) to the east and Mais (Bowness-on-Solway) to the west. It was built on a hill commanding views over the flatter land to the east and west and to the shore of the Solway Firth to the north. Its purpose was to guard the southern end of two important Solway fords, the Stonewath and the Sandwath.

Petuaria (or Petuaria Parisorum) was originally a Roman fort situated where the town of Brough in the East Riding of Yorkshire now stands. Petuaria means something like 'quarter' or 'fourth part', incorporating the archaic Brythonic *petuar, 'four' (compare modern Welsh pedwar).

Concangis was an auxiliary castra in the Roman province of Lower Britain (Britannia Inferior). Its ruins are located in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, in England, and are now known as Chester-le-Street Roman Fort. It is situated north of the city of Durham and south of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Roman fort in Saddleworth, Greater Manchester, England, UK

Tripontium (Latin for "Place of three bridges") was a town in Roman Britain. It lay on the Roman road later called Watling Street (and known today as the A5) at a site now chiefly within the civil parish of Churchover in the English county of Warwickshire and partly in Leicestershire, some 3.4 miles north-east of Rugby and 3.1 miles south of Lutterworth.

Glannoventa is a Roman fort associated with the Roman naval base at Ravenglass in Cumbria, England. Its name is derived from the Latin place-name Clanoventa as recorded in the 2nd-century Antonine Itinerary, Glannibanta in the 4th-century Notitia Dignitatum, and Cantiventi in the 6th-century Ravenna Cosmography.

thumb|right|300px|The site of the Roman fort at Watercrook across the River Kent.

fort in Hope, High Peak, England, UK

thumb|300px|Roman forts in 270 AD thumb|300px|Lidar image of Habitancum

Ardotalia (from British Celtic for "high dark hill"), also known as Melandra or Melandra Castle, is a Roman fort in Gamesley, near Glossop in Derbyshire, England. left|thumb|The western ramparts thumb|left|Track through the centre of the fort Ardotalia was constructed by Cohors Primae Frisiavonum—The First Cohort of Frisiavones. Evidence for the existence of this unit exists not only from the building stone found at the site but also from various diplomas and other Roman writings. This unit would have had around a thousand men, including the specialist craftsmen needed to perform the skilled w