Saladin

Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was a Kurdish commander and political leader. He was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. An important figure of the Third Crusade, he spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height of his power, the Ayyubid realm spanned Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen, and Nubia.

King of England from 1189 to 1199 (1157–1199)

governorate of Iraq

Islamic historian, theologian and geographer (1160–1232/3)

medieval castle in northwestern Syria

Arab traveller and geographer

heraldic animal

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ (; 1151–1171), better known by his regnal name al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh (), was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Fatimid dynasty, and the twenty-fourth imam of the Hafizi Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, reigning from 1160 to 1171.

Arabic poet

Persian historian and writer (1125–1201)

leader of the Syrian wing of the Hashshashin sect and figure in the history of the Crusades

resting place and grave of the medieval Muslim Ayyubid Sultan Saladin

Treaty between Richard I of England and Saladin

Kurdish historian and scholar, biographer of Saladin (1145–1234)

main highway of the Gaza Strip

University in Iraqi Kurdistan

Gökböri (13 April 115428 June 1233) or Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri, was a leading emir and general of Sultan Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb), and ruler of Erbil. He served both the Zengid and Ayyubid rulers of Syria and Egypt. He played a pivotal role in Saladin's conquest of Northern Syria and the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and later held major commands in a number of battles against the Crusader states and the forces of the Third Crusade. He was known as Manafaradin, a corruption of his principal praise name, to the Franks of the Crusader states.

secretary and chief counsellor to Saladin (1135–1200)

Ascalon or Ashkelon was an ancient Near East port city on the Mediterranean coast of the southern Levant of high historical and archaeological significance. Its remains are located in the archaeological site of Tel Ashkelon, within the city limits of the modern Israeli city of Ashkelon. Traces of settlement exist from the 3rd millennium BCE, with evidence of city fortifications emerging in the Middle Bronze Age. During the Late Bronze Age, it was integrated into the Egyptian Empire, before becoming one of the five cities of the Philistine pentapolis following the migration of the Sea Peoples.

Ayyubid emir of Hama 1179-1191

1963 film by Youssef Chahine

writer

Minbar (pulpit) in the al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem

Egyptian poet, writer & administrator in Ayyubid dynasty

1188 crusade tax in England and France

Moorish writer

1191 massacre of the Third Crusade

12th-century writing about the conquests of Saladin

military Commander of Saladin