File:Al-Nasir_I_Salah_al-Din_Yusuf_(Saladin)._AH_564-589_(1169-1193_CE)_Æ_Dirham_(30.1mm,_13.28_g,_6h)._Without_mint-name._Dated_AH_586_(AD_1190-91)._Sultan_sitting_facing,_cross-legged,_on_high-backed_throne_(obverse).jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Saladin

Also known as Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb alarabi, Salah ad-Din, Saladin Ayyūbid, Yusuf ibn Ayyub

Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known as Saladin, was a Kurdish commander and political leader. He was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria. An important figure of the Third Crusade, he spearheaded the Muslim military effort against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the height of his power, the Ayyubid realm spanned Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen, and Nubia.

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Saladin, whose native name is صلاح الدين الأيوبي and birth name is يُوسُف بن نجم الدين أيُّوب, was a male member of the Ayyubid dynasty. Born in 1138, he served as a military personnel, governor, Amir, and Sultan of Egypt. He also held the position of Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate. His father was Najm ad-Din Ayyub, and his spouse was Ismat ad-Din Khatun. He spoke and wrote in Kurdish and Arabic.

Saladin died in Damascus on 1193-03-04. He practiced Sunni Islam. His children included Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din, Al-Aziz Uthman, and Az-Zahir Ghazi. His siblings were Turan-Shah, Al-Adil I, Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, and Sitt al-Sham. He participated in the Crusader invasions of Egypt, the Battle of Montgisard, the Siege of Kerak, and the Battle of Marj Ayyun. His quotes include, "This is a victory opening the gates of men’s hearts," and "Children are brought up in the way in which their elders were brought up."

Synthesized by Vinony from 36 facts across 7 sources: Wikidata, Crossref, Open Library, MusicBrainz, Last.fm, Wikiquote, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

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Quotes

“This is a victory opening the gates of men’s hearts.”
“I thought of thee, amid the thrusting of their spears, While the straight browned blades quenched their thirst in our blood— ... again and again we were on the verge of destruction; nor would God have delivered us save for some [future] duty.”
“This Yemen is a treasure house...We conquered it, but up to this day we have had no return and no advantage from it. There have only been innumerable expenses, the sending out of troops...and expectations which did not produce what was hoped for in the end.”
“Children are brought up in the way in which their elders were brought up.”

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Key facts

Military person.battles: Crusader invasions of Egypt Battle of al-Babein Siege of Alexandria Siege of Damietta (1169) Battle of the Blacks Siege of Ayla Siege of Alexandria Battle of the Horns of Hama Battle of Montgisard Siege of Damascus (1174) Battle of Marj Ayyun Siege of Jacob's Ford Attack on Acre (1179) Battle of Belvoir Castle Battle of al-Fule Siege of Kerak Battle of Hattin Siege of Jerusalem (1187) Siege of Tyre (1187) Siege of Belvoir Castle Siege of Laodicea (1188) Siege of Sahyun Castle Siege of al-Shughur Siege of Bourzey Castle Siege of Safed (1188) Third Crusade Siege of Acre Battle of Arsuf Battle of Jaffa
Royalty.name: Salah ad-Din
Royalty.title: King Who Grants VictorySultan of Egypt and SyriaCustodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Royalty.image: Al-Nasir I Salah al-Din Yusuf (Saladin). AH 564-589 (1169-1193 CE) Æ Dirham (30.1mm, 13.28 g, 6h). Without mint-name. Dated AH 586 (AD 1190-91). Sultan sitting facing, cross-legged, on high-backed throne (obverse).jpg
Royalty.caption: Saladin in the sharbush hat of Seljuk rulers, his rallying sign, on a coin: "The Victorious King, Righteousness of the World and the Faith, Yusuf ibn Ayyub". 587 AH (1190–1191 CE).
Royalty.succession: Sultan of Egypt and Syria
Royalty.reign: May 1174 – 4 March 1193
Royalty.coronation: 1174, Cairo
Royalty.predecessor: Al-Adid (as Fatimid caliph)
Royalty.succession1: Zengid Governor of Egypt,Vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate
Royalty.reign1: 26 September 1171 – May 1174
Royalty.successor1: Position abolished
Royalty.succession2: Zengid Governor of Egypt,Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate
Royalty.reign2: 26 March 1169 – 26 September 1171
Royalty.predecessor2: Shirkuh
Royalty.successor2: Position abolished
Royalty.spouse: Ismat ad-Din Khatun
Royalty.dynasty: Ayyubid (founder)

via Wikipedia infobox

~74 min read

Encyclopedic overview

38 sections

Contents

Early life
Personality and religious leanings
Early expeditions
In Egypt
Vizier of Egypt
Sultan of Egypt
Conquest of Syria
Conquest of Damascus
Further conquests in Syria
Campaign against the Assassins
Return to Cairo and forays in Palestine
Battles and truce with Baldwin
Domestic affairs
Imperial expansions
Campaign against the Franks and War with the Zengids
Fight for Mosul
Possession of Aleppo
Wars against Crusaders
Capture of Jerusalem
Third Crusade
Death
Family
Recognition and legacy
Muslim world
Western world
Cultural depictions of Saladin
Novels
Film, television and animation
Video games
Visual art
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Further reading
External links

Alongside his uncle Shirkuh, a Kurdish mercenary commander in service of the Zengid dynasty, Saladin was sent to Fatimid Egypt in 1164, on the orders of the Zengid ruler Nur ad-Din. With their original purpose being to help restore Shawar as the vizier to the teenage Fatimid caliph al-Adid, a power struggle ensued between Shirkuh and Shawar after the latter was reinstated. Saladin, meanwhile, climbed the ranks of the Fatimid government by virtue of his military successes against Crusader assaults and his personal closeness to al-Adid. After Shawar was assassinated and Shirkuh died in 1169, al-Adid appointed Saladin as vizier. During his tenure, Saladin, a Sunni Muslim, began to undermine the Fatimid establishment; following al-Adid's death in 1171, he abolished the Cairo-based Fatimid Caliphate who was an Isma'ili (a branch within Shia Islam), and realigned Egypt with the Baghdad-based Sunni Abbasid Caliphate.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Saladin” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.