Sanitation

Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This can in turn result in sunken eyes, cold or cyanotic skin, decreased skin elasticity, wrinkling of the hands and feet, and, in severe cases, death. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure.

thumb|upright=0.5|Sample of human urine

Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are exclusively breastfed, however, are normal.

water safe for consumption

thumb|right|Washing one's hands, a form of hygiene, is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand was

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine. Symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Fever, lack of energy, and dehydration may also occur. This typically lasts less than two weeks. Although it is not related to influenza, in Canada and the United States it is often referred to as "stomach flu".

annual observance day about freshwater

contamination of water bodies

thumb|upright=1.3|Community-level composting in a rural area in Germany

tissue paper for cleaning after urination or defecation

thumb|Map of London sewer network, late 19th century

act of cleaning one's hands

pollution that gets thrown in the oceans

thumb|upright=1.6|The sanitation system: collection, transport, treatment, and disposal or Reuse of excreta|reuse

process of treating sewerage before release into the environment or water reuse

sources of water that are useful or potentially useful

United Nations day on 19 November to tackle the sanitation crisis

method for basic wastewater treatment (on-site)

macroscopic, parasitic worm

campaign to motivate and mobilize people around the world to improve their handwashing habits

hole in the ground for human waste often with a shed built around it

diverse group of tropical infection diseases which are common in developing countries

human right recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010

death rate of infants and young children

toilet and washroom for anyone to use

Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. They often live in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts, but they may also burrow into other organs, where they induce physiological damage.

annual awareness day to highlight the importance of good menstrual hygiene management

toilet using natural processes to decompose matter

thumb|right|Roman Empire|Roman public latrine found in the excavations of [[Ostia Antica; unlike modern installations, the Romans saw no need to provide privacy for individual users.]] thumb|Public Latrine at Athens' Roman Forum site thumb|right|250px|Roman latrines in Els Munts villa at Altafulla in [[Tarragonès, Spain.1) Bench 2) Main water channel 3) Front water channel 4) Wall 5) Window 6) Divider 7) Washbasin]]

chorination of water

converting wastewater into an effluent for return to the water cycle

feces (solid or semisolid metabolic waste) of the human digestive system, including bacteria

by-product of sewage treatment

country-wide campaign to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management in India

disease transmission via particles containing fecal pathogens

organization

Sewage (or domestic sewage, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people. It is typically transported through a sewer system. Sewage consists of wastewater discharged from residences and from commercial, institutional and public facilities that exist in the locality. Sub-types of sewage are greywater (from sinks, bathtubs, showers, dishwashers, and clothes washers) and blackwater (the water used to flush toilets, combined with the human waste that it flushes away). Sewage also contains soaps and detergents. Food waste may be prese

thumb|Litter in Stockholm, Sweden

global goal to achieve clean water and sanitation for all people by 2030

disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most commonly are transmitted in contaminated fresh water

process of converting wastewater into water that can be reused for other purposes

thumb|right|Scheme of a cesspit that is constructed like an underground holding tank

pollution that occurs when when pollutants are released to the ground and seep down into groundwater

wastewater from toilets

humans defecating outside (in the open environment) rather than into a toilet

rules in Islam when going to the toilet

tank truck with a vacuum designed to load material through suction lines

type of trap designed to intercept most greases and solids before they enter a wastewater disposal system

application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable water

mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated by industrial or commercial activities

urinal designed to be used by women and girls

toilet that operates without flush water

approach to sanitation provision which aims to safely reuse excreta in agriculture

type of subsurface wastewater disposal facility

thumb|A replica xylospongium (sponge on a stick) thumb|Ancient Roman latrines in Ostia Antica

Euthenics () is the study of the improvement of human functioning and well-being by the improvement of living conditions. "Improvement" is conducted by altering external factors such as education and the controllable environments, including environmentalism, education regarding employment, home economics, sanitation, and housing, as well as the prevention and removal of contagious disease and parasites.

reduced growth rate in human development

access to feminine hygiene products and disposal of used products

collection, transport, and treatment of fecal sludge from pit latrines, septic tanks or other onsite sanitation systems