Semantic Web

thumb|A short introduction to Wikifunctions by Denny Vrandečić

string of characters used to identify a name of a resource on a network such as the internet

extension of the Web to facilitate data exchange

WolframAlpha is an online knowledge engine developed by Wolfram Research that has been around since 2009. It is offered as an online service that answers queries by computing answers from externally sourced data.

data model for describing resources on the Web

DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in the Wikipedia project. This structured information is made available on the World Wide Web using OpenLink Virtuoso. DBpedia allows users to semantically query relationships and properties of Wikipedia resources, including links to other related datasets.

specification of a conceptualization

Folksonomy is a classification system in which end users apply public tags to online items, typically to make those items easier for themselves or others to find later. Over time, this can give rise to a classification system based on those tags and how often they are applied or searched for, in contrast to a taxonomic classification designed by the owners of the content and specified when it is published. This practice is also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging. Folksonomy was originally "the result of personal free tagging of informatio

standardized set of metadata elements

Microformats (μF) are predefined HTML markup (like HTML classes) created to serve as descriptive and consistent metadata about elements, designating them as representing a certain type of data (such as contact information, geographic coordinates, events, products, recipes, etc.). They allow software to process the information reliably by having set classes refer to a specific type of data rather than being arbitrary.

thumb|Worldwide density of GeoNames entries in 2006

structured data and method for its publication

Point of access to public data published by the European Union institutions, agencies and other bodies

family of knowledge representation languages

technical, scientific and social aspects involved in building, maintaining and using knowledge-based system

thumb|right|A real-life infobox from British Rail Class 43 (HST)|British Rail Class 43 car 43185 operated by [[First Great Western]]

Schema.org is a reference website that publishes documentation and guidelines for using structured data mark-up on web-pages (in the form of microdata, RDFa or JSON-LD). Its main objective is to standardize HTML tags to be used by webmasters for creating rich results (displayed as visual data or infographic tables on search engine results) about a certain topic of interest. It is a part of the semantic web project, which aims to make document mark-up codes more readable and meaningful to both humans and machines.

FOAF (an acronym of friend of a friend) is a machine-readable ontology describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects. Anyone can use FOAF to describe themselves. FOAF allows groups of people to describe social networks without the need for a centralised database.

standardized and organized sets of words and phrases for retrieval and disambiguation of information, distinguishing preferred terms from non-preferred terms

JSON-LD (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data) is a method of encoding linked data using JSON and of serializing data similarly to traditional JSON. It is meant to be simple to create by modifying JSON documents. JSON-LD is a World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation initially developed by the JSON for Linking Data Community Group, transferred to the RDF Working Group for review, improvement and standardization, and now maintained by the JSON-LD Working Group.

W3C recommendation designed for representation of thesauri, classification schemes, taxonomies, subject-heading systems, or other structured controlled vocabularies

schema for knowledge representation

identifier for resources made using Unicode/ISO 10646 characters specified by RFC 3987

field which studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies, which are formal representations of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts

A triplestore or RDF store is a purpose-built database for the storage and retrieval of triples through semantic queries. A triple is a data entity composed of subject–predicate–object, like "Bob is 35" (i.e., Bob's age measured in years is 35) or "Bob knows Fred".

resource accessible from the World Wide Web and has a Uniform Resource Identifier. Can be resource of different file formats, accessible by a specific protocol, etc.

RDFa or Resource Description Framework in Attributes is a W3C Recommendation that adds a set of attribute-level extensions to HTML, XHTML and various XML-based document types for embedding rich metadata within web documents. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) data-model mapping enables the use of RDFs for embedding RDF subject-predicate-object expressions within XHTML documents. RDFa also enables the extraction of RDF model triples by compliant user agents.

BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) is a data model for bibliographic description. BIBFRAME was designed to replace the MARC standards, and to use linked data principles to make bibliographic data more useful both within and outside the library community.

contextual queries

RDF/XML is a syntax, defined by the W3C, to express (i.e., serialize) an RDF graph as an XML document. RDF/XML is sometimes misidentified as simply RDF because it was introduced alongside the other W3C specifications defining RDF and was historically the first W3C official RDF serialization format.

method or disciplinary lens for treating linked data

W3C recommendation-track effort

markup language focused on the creation of machine-readable representations for the Web

GRDDL (pronounced "griddle") is a markup format for Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages. It is a W3C Recommendation, and enables users to obtain RDF triples out of XML documents, including XHTML. The GRDDL specification shows examples using XSLT, however it was intended to be abstract enough to allow for other implementations as well. It became a Recommendation on September 11, 2007.

semantic search engine that was introduced by Facebook in March 2013

The AgMES (Agricultural Metadata Element set) initiative was developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and aims to encompass issues of semantic standards in the domain of agriculture with respect to description, resource discovery, interoperability, and data exchange for different types of information resources.

database of educational and research organizations

Algolia is a French proprietary search-as-a-service platform, with its headquarters in San Francisco and offices in Paris and London. Its main product is a web search platform for individual websites.

information retrieval program

open source semantic web framework for Java

Internet component

community-led database of research organizations maintained by the ROR community

Description of a Project (DOAP) is an RDF Schema and XML vocabulary designed to describe software projects, particularly free and open-source software.

Blazegraph is an open source triplestore and graph database,

schema for describing posts and interactions on forums, message boards, blogs etc.

Giant Global Graph

standard for data integration

process of determining correspondences between concepts

Kialo is an online structured debate platform with argument maps in the form of debate trees. It is a collaborative reasoning tool for thoughtful discussion, understanding different points of view, and collaborative decision-making, showing arguments for and against claims underneath user-submitted theses or questions.

OWL-S is an ontology built on top of Web Ontology Language (OWL) by the DARPA DAML program. It replaces the former DAML-S ontology. "OWL-S is an ontology, within the OWL-based framework of the Semantic Web, for describing Semantic Web Services. It will enable users and software agents to automatically discover, invoke, compose, and monitor Web resources offering services, under specified constraints."

Shape Expressions (ShEx) is a data modelling language for validating and describing a Resource Description Framework (RDF).