Sogdian monarchs

Spitamenes (Old Persian Spitamana; Greek Σπιταμένης; 370 BC – 328 BC) was a Sogdian warlord and the leader of the uprising in Sogdiana and Bactria against Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, in 329 BC. He has been credited by modern historians as one of the most tenacious adversaries of Alexander.

thumb|Oxyartes, by René Castaigne, 19th century. thumb|Oxyartes was satrap of the Paropamisus after the death of Alexander. Oxyartes (Old Persian: 𐎢𐎺𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎼, Greek: Ὀξυάρτης, in ("Vaxš-ard"), from an unattested form in an Old Iranian language: *Huxšaθra-) was a Sogdian or Bactrian nobleman and local ruler of Bactria. His daughter, Roxana, was taken as a wife by Alexander the Great.

Later Jin emperor (892-942)

Gurak or Ghurak () was a medieval Sogdian ruler in Central Asia during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. In 710, he was installed as king (Sogdian: ikhshid) of Samarkand after the populace overthrew his predecessor, Tarkhun, due to his pro-Muslim stance. The Umayyad governor, Qutayba ibn Muslim, campaigned against Samarkand but in the end confirmed Gurak as its ruler. Gurak was a cautious and intelligent ruler, and managed, through shifting alliance between the Muslims and the Turgesh, to remain on his throne. Some time after the Muslim Pyrrhic victory Battle of the Defile in 7

Divashtich (also spelled Devashtich, Dewashtich, and Divasti), was a medieval Sogdian ruler in Transoxiana during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. He was the ruler of Panjikant and its surroundings from ca. 706 until his downfall and execution in the autumn of 722. Panjikant reached the height of its prosperity during his rule.

Sogdian prince and Abbasid commander and official (died 879)

Arimazes () or Ariomazes (), was a chief who had possession, in 328 BCE, of a very strong fortress in Sogdiana, usually called the Rock of Ariamazes, which the historian Johann Gustav Droysen identifies with a place called Kohiten, situated near the pass of Kolugha or Derbend.

Tarkhun (Chinese: 突昏 tū-hūn, died 710) was a Sogdian ruler (Sogdian: əxšēδ) of Samarkand from somewhere 705–707 to 710. After receiving the news of the capture of Bukhara by the Umayyad general Qutayba ibn Muslim in 709, Tarkhun sent envoys to the latter and acknowledged the authority of the Umayyad Caliphate. His two sons had to be kept at the Umayyad court as hostages.

Tūrgār, also Thurgar (Sogdian: ''twrγ'r, Chinese: 咄曷 Duō-hé'') was a medieval Sogdian ruler (an Ikhshid) in Transoxiana and successor to his father Ghurak during the period of the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. He was the last ruler of Samarkand and its surroundings from ca. 738 until no later than 755/57, until the Arabs took full control of the region. He was an Ikhshid, a princely title of the Iranian rulers of Soghdia and the Ferghana Valley in Transoxiana during the pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods.

thumb|Crenellated wall portion of the ruins of Afrasiyab, Samarkand. Varkhuman, also Vargoman (, c. 640-670 CE) was an Ikhshid (King) of Sogdia, residing in the city of Samarkand in the 7th century CE. He succeeded King Shishpin. He is known from the Afrasiab murals of Afrasiyab in Samarkand, where he is seen being visited by embassies from numerous countries, including China. There is also an inscription in the murals directly mentioning him. His name is also known from Chinese histories.

7th-century ruler (bukhar khudah) of Bukhara

Tughshada was Bukhar Khudah (king of Bukhara) from 681 to 739. He was the son and successor of Bindu.