Solar phenomena

thumb|Sunrise seen over the Atlantic Ocean through [[cirrus clouds on the Jersey Shore at Spring Lake, New Jersey, U.S.]] Sunrise (or sunup) is the moment when the upper rim of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning, at the start of the Sun path. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon.

thumb|upright=1.35|Actual sunset: Two minutes before the Sun disappears below the horizon.

high-speed, i.e. high-energy particle, mainly originating in outer space, outside the Solar system

stream of charged particles released from the Sun

Sunspots are temporary spots on the Sun's surface that are darker than the surrounding area. They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic flux that inhibit convection. Sunspots appear within active regions, usually in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. Their number varies according to the approximately 11-year solar cycle.

sudden flash of increased brightness on the Sun, usually observed near its surface and in close proximity to a sunspot group

temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a disturbance in the interplanetary medium

gaseous outburst from the sun

moving line that separates the illuminated day side and the dark night side of a planetary body

meteorological optical phenomena

significant release of plasma and magnetic field from the solar corona

thumb|Afternoon analemma photo taken in 1998–99 in Murray Hill, New Jersey|Murray Hill, [[New Jersey, U.S., by Jack Fishburn. The Bell Laboratories building is in the foreground.]]

bright spot

convection cell in the photosphere of a star

Manhattanhenge, also called the Manhattan Solstice, is an event during which the setting sun or the rising sun is aligned with the east–west streets of the main street grid of Manhattan, New York City. The astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson claims to have coined the term, by analogy with Stonehenge. The sunsets and sunrises each align twice a year, on dates evenly spaced around the summer solstice and winter solstice. The sunset alignments occur around May 28 and July 13. The sunrise alignments occur around December 5 and January 8.

area where the Sun's corona is colder and darker

The period starting about 1645 and continuing to about 1715 when sunspots were exceedingly rare

dynamic jet in the chromosphere of the Sun

power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation

phenomenon of stars

measure of sunspots

thumb|Supegranulation in the chromosphere of Sun. In solar physics and observation, supergranulation is a pattern of convection cells in the Sun's photosphere. The individual convection cells are typically referred to as supergranules. The pattern was discovered in the 1950s by A.B. Hart using Doppler velocity measurements showing horizontal flows on the photosphere (flow speed about 300 to 500 m/s, a tenth of that in the smaller granules). Later work (1960s) by Leighton, Noyes and Simon established a typical size of about 30000 km for supergranules with a lifetime of about 24 hours.

physical process in highly conducting plasmas in which the magnetic topology is rearranged and magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy, thermal energy, and particle acceleration

chromospheric signature of a large-scale solar coronal shock wave. generated by solar flares, discovered by Gail Moreton and Harry E. Ramsey in 1959

period of greatest solar activity in the 11-year solar cycle of the Sun

Period of low solar activity from 1790 to 1830

series of events reported to have occurred miraculously on 13 October 1917 in Portugal

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bright region in the chromosphere of the Sun

period of least solar activity in the 11-year solar cycle of the Sun

surface which separates the heliosphere into positively and negatively charged components

Prediction of sunspot latitudes

Hypothesized period of low solar activity from 1460 to 1550

sunspots, flares, eruptions, etc. on the surface of the Sun

tropical solar phenomenon

Perceived depression in sunspot umbrae

star ejecta measuring device deployed during the Apollo moon landings

period of relatively high solar activity which began with Solar Cycle 15 in 1914

NOAA laboratory and service center

mechanism explaining sunspot patterns

interruption in or distortion of geostationary satellite signals caused by interference from solar radiation

ionized plasma found in astrophysical environments

sunward-traveling plasma voids observed in the Sun’s outer atmosphere

study of the Sun's behavior

temporary region on the Sun

High-energy particles from the Sun

A spiral, geomagnetic storm

space phenomenon

rapid decrease in galactic cosmic ray intensity following a coronal mass ejection

type of solar phenomenon

boundary between solar corona and wind

Solar phenomena

solar phenomenon

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thumb|A close-up of one of the loop brightenings. The frame on the far right is the most zoomed in, showing the putative nanoflare. thumb|"This false-color temperature map shows solar active region AR10923, observed close to center of the sun's disk. Blue regions indicate plasma near 10 million degrees K." Credit: Reale, et al. (2009), NASA.

Brightenings in the Sun's chromosphere

Technique of studying the Sun's corona

phenomenon of convection

in astronomy