Songhai Empire

Timbuktu ( ; ; Koyra Chiini: ; ) is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River. It is the capital of the Tombouctou Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali, having a population of 32,460 in the 2018 census.

Gao (or Gawgaw/Kawkaw) is a city in Mali and the capital of the Gao Region. The city is located on the River Niger, east-southeast of Timbuktu on the left bank at the junction with the Tilemsi valley.

former state located in western Africa

historic African state

1591 battle

Moroccan military leader

1655 West African text

16th century West African chronicle

collective term for the organized center of learning associated with three mosques in the city of Timbuktu: the masajids (mosques) of Sankore, Djinguereber, and Sidi Yahya

Songhai dynasty in West Africa

thumb|Sahrawis|Sahrawi women wearing colorful melhfas

human settlement

invasion of the Songhai Empire by Morocco

historical communities of Jews in West Africa