Soviet inventions

method for synthesizing pyridine rings

thumb|200px|right|Kirza boots

thumb|70-m aerial P-2500 (RT-70 radio telescope) in Yevpatoria. There are three radio telescopes designated RT-70, all in countries that were once part of the former Soviet Union, all with similar specifications: 70m dishes and an operating range of 5–300 GHz. They are a part of the former Soviet Deep Space Network, now operated by Russia. The Yevpatoria facility has also been used as a radar telescope in observations of space debris and asteroids.

chemical compound

thumb|T-55AD with "Drozd" APS. Kubinka Tank Museum Drozd () is an active protection system (APS) developed in the Soviet Union, designed for increasing tanks' protection against anti-tank missiles and RPGs. It is considered the world's first operational active protection system, created in 1977 and 1978 by the KBP design bureau of as Kompleks 1030M-01. Its chief designer, Vasily Bakalov, was awarded the Lenin Prize for his work on its development.

early analog computer based on hydraulics

non-nuclear weapon that creates an electromagnetic pulse

series of Soviet-made mainframe computers

Russian reactor type from the BN family; fast breeder, cooled with sodium

Russian system for long range radio navigation

measurement of kinetic energy spectra of photoelectrons emitted by molecules which have absorbed ultraviolet photons, in order to determine molecular orbital energies in the valence region

chemical compound

railroad based ICBM launcher

fast breeder nuclear reactor in Russia

sport using fire-fighting-related activities

type of spacecraft plasma propulsion system

high-level programming language

optically controlled music instrument

RELCOM or Relcom (), an acronym for "RELiable COMmunications" is a computer network in Russia.

hole drilled through rock or ice to create an anchor point

vaccine

nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine class

Russian balsamic liniment

5.45×18mm MPTs (7N7) is a Soviet pistol cartridge. It is chambered in the PSM pistol, OTs-23 Drotik machine pistol, and OTs-26 pistol.

torpedo armed with a nuclear warhead

Latrepirdine (INN, also known as dimebolin and sold as Dimebon) is an antihistamine drug which has been used clinically in Russia since 1983.

The RD-0146 () is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine developed by KBKhA Kosberg in Voronezh, Russia.

Rapira is also a name for the Soviet 100 mm anti-tank gun T-12

form of single-payer healthcare

Brassicoraphanus or '× Brassicoraphanus''' is any intergeneric hybrid between the genera Brassica (cabbages, etc.) and Raphanus'' (radish). The name comes from the combination of the genus names. Both diploid hybrids and allopolyploid hybrids are known and share this name.

first mainframe computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union

thumb|Chayka pulse

type of attitude control surface used on rockets and bombs

hydrogel polymer

Soviet nuclear reactor for orbital spacecraft

research stations built on the ice of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean

Russian alternative therapeutic methods used to treat addictions

docking system used by Soviet and Russian spacecraft

military ballistic missile system designed to hit a warship at sea

In cryptography, Fialka (M-125) is the name of a Cold War-era Soviet cipher machine. A rotor machine, the device uses 10 rotors, each with 30 contacts along with mechanical pins to control stepping. It also makes use of a punched card mechanism. Fialka means "violet" in Russian. Information regarding the machine was quite scarce until c. 2005 because the device had been kept secret.

tokamak

type of experimental aircraft

thumb|right|400 px| An ion mirror (right) attached to a flight tube (left) of the reflectron. Voltages applied to a stack of metal plates create the electric field reflecting the ions back to the flight tube. A reflectron (mass reflectron) is a type of time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) that comprises a pulsed ion source, field-free region, ion mirror, and ion detector and uses a static or time dependent electric field in the ion mirror to reverse the direction of travel of the ions entering it. Using the reflectron, one can substantially diminish a spread of flight times of the ions wi

Soviet amphibious transport vehicle

thumb|Kontakt-1 on the upper glacis and turret of a T-80BV Kontakt-1 (; GRAU indice: 4S20) is an explosive reactive armour (ERA) created in 1982 by Soviet NII Stali to protect tanks from shaped charges. The first tank with Kontakt-1 put into service was T-64BV in 1985. The system is still widely used by different countries within T-55, T-62, T-64, T-72, T-80 tank families among others.

ionized gas-generating "pinch" machine

diamond that originates from a detonation

chemical compound

family of inductive algorithms

thumb|Prototype Kholod

Pseudocylindrical map projection

type of hovercraft tank, project

series of Soviet microprocessors based on PDP-11 instruction set

The 5.6×39mm, also known in the U.S. as .220 Russian, is a cartridge developed in 1961 for deer hunting in the USSR. It fires a 5.6mm projectile from necked down 7.62×39mm brass. While it originally re-used 7.62x39 cases, once it became popular enough commercial ammunition started being manufactured, both in the USSR and in Finland. When it was introduced to the United States by SAKO it was stamped .220 Russian. Lapua later changed the designation to .220 Russian for the American market as well.

A turbodrill is a tool used mostly by petrochemical companies to dig wells for crude oil and natural gas reserves.

thumb|View from above the Synchrophasotron magnet yoke The Synchrophasotron was a synchrotron-based particle accelerator for protons at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna that was operational from 1957 to 2003. It was designed and constructed under supervision of Vladimir Veksler, who had invented the synchrotron independently from Edwin McMillan.

Kolokol-1 ( for "bell"; ) is a synthetic opioid developed for use as an aerosolizable incapacitating agent. The exact chemical structure has not yet been revealed by the Russian government. It was originally thought by some sources to be a derivative of the potent opioid fentanyl, most probably 3-methylfentanyl dissolved in an inhalational anaesthetic as an organic solvent. However, independent analysis of residues on the Moscow theater hostage crisis hostages' clothing or in one hostage's urine found no fentanyl or 3-methylfentanyl. Two much more potent and shorter-acting agents, carfentanil

procedure to surgically correct refractive errors in the eye, by cutting radial slits into the cornea to change its refractive properties

Soviet mobile phone system