Statistical mechanics

the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with the quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid

Physical constant relating energy with temperature and other intensive physical quantities

energy contained in a system, excluding energy due to its position as a body in external force fields or its overall motion

physics of large number of particles' statistical behavior

history of scientific theory that views matter as made up of atoms of chemical elements

physical constant; the molar equivalent to the Boltzmann constant

broad class of computational algorithms using random sampling to obtain numerical results

statistical description for the behaviour of bosons

relation between the wavelength of the black-body radiation curve peak and the temperature

behaviour of many identical fermions, particles with half-integer spin

physical law that describes the amount of spectral radiance at a certain wavelength radiated by a black body cavity in thermal equilibrium

branch of physics

formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates

average distance travelled by a moving particle between successive impacts

probability distribution of energy states of a system

empirical thermodynamic law that the molar heat capacities of many solids are approximately the same at 3𝑅≈25 J/(K·mol)

mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion

reciprocal product of temperature with the Boltzmann constant, frequently used in exponentials in physics and chemistry and relating statistical mechanics to information theory

Econophysics is a transdisciplinary research field in heterodox economics. It applies theories and methods originally developed by physicists to problems in economics, usually those including uncertainty or stochastic processes and nonlinear dynamics. Some of its application to the study of financial markets has also been termed statistical finance referring to its roots in statistical physics. Econophysics is closely related to social physics.

matrix describing a quantum system in a pure or mixed state, a statistical mixture of quantum states

formal sum or integral over all histories of a quantum system

equation of statistical mechanics

Superparamagnetism is a form of magnetism which appears in small ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles. In sufficiently small nanoparticles, magnetization can randomly flip direction under the influence of temperature. The typical time between two flips is called the Néel relaxation time. In the absence of an external magnetic field, when the time used to measure the magnetization of the nanoparticles is much longer than the Néel relaxation time, their magnetization appears to be on average zero; they are said to be in the superparamagnetic state. In this state, an external magnetic fie

mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics

state of a physical system in which more members are in higher, excited energy states than in lower, unexcited states

thermodynamic process in which equilibrium is maintained for the duration of the process

T-symmetry or time reversal symmetry is the theoretical symmetry of physical laws under the transformation of time reversal, T: t \mapsto -t.

cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect

quantum system whose ground state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion

parameter describing the strength of a force

state of a system's detailed microscopic-scale properties, which in aggregate on average give its macrostate

thought experiment in physics

branch of physics

physical law approximating the spectrum of thermal radiation

theorem

system describes the number of states per interval of energy at each energy level available to be occupied

equation in Brownian motion

method for using scale changes to understand physical theories such as quantum field theories

approximation method where the behavior of a single particle can be treated assuming all other influences are averaged

award conferred by the Commission on Statistical Physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics

stochastic differential equation

equations on thermodynamic quantities

description of particle density in statistical mechanics

hypothesis that typical physical systems studied in statistical mechanics are ergodic, such that time averages equal phase space averages

particular description of multiple particles in statistical mechanics

type of Monte Carlo algorithms for signal processing and statistical inference

type of approximation to an underlying physical theory

theorem

formal analytic continuation of the time coordinate that changes a Lorentzian metric signature to a Euclidean one

a theoretical model describing interacting electrons (or other fermions) in a one-dimensional conductor (e.g. quantum wires such as carbon nanotubes)

Granularity (also called graininess) is the degree to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable pieces, "granules" or "grains" (metaphorically). It can either refer to the extent to which a larger entity is subdivided, or the extent to which groups of smaller indistinguishable entities have joined together to become larger distinguishable entities.

gas-like collection of photons

equations governing time evolution of physical systems

signal boosting phenomenon using white noise

set of equations describing the dynamics of a system of many interacting particles

mathematical and physics concept

transition between different phases of matter at zero temperature

alloys with high proportions of several metals

random temperature-influenced deviations of particles from their average state

series expansion of the equation of state for a many-particle system