Structure of the Earth

Earth's outer layer

layer of silicate rock between Earth's crust and its outer core

inner structure of the planet Earth, consisting of several concentric spherical layers

300px|thumb|upright=1.6|The asthenosphere shown at a subduction boundary

result of a scientific drilling project of the Soviet Union on the Kola Peninsula

volcanic region

term in geography: boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle

part of Earth's lithosphere

innermost geologic layer of the Earth

right|thumb|Cross-section illustrating the soil layer, showing the topsoil (A); [[regolith (B); and saprolite, a less-weathered regolith (C).]] The pedosphere () is the outermost layer of the Earth's crust that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation and erosion processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The pedosphere is the "stratum corneum" of the Earth's surface and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms and associated organic matters),

layer of rocks that forms the continents and continental shelves

innermost layer(s) of a planet

fluid layer composed of mostly iron and nickel between Earth's solid inner core and its mantle

variation of temperature of Earth at different depths

outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle

thumb|400px|Diapirs in a subduction|subducting plate boundary

mechanism by which a celestial body generates a magnetic field

layer inside a planetary body

discontinuity where the bottom of the planet's mantle meets the outer layer of the core

hypothesis

abrupt increase of P-wave and S-wave velocities at the depth of 220±30 km

portion of the Earth's mantle

term for the surface of the Earth

discontinuous seismic boundary

Wikimedia list article

technique for imaging the subsurface of the Earth with seismic waves produced by earthquakes or explosions

thumb|right|250 px|Typical sial material, a Precambrian [[granite from St. Francois Mountains, Missouri, showing the potassium feldspar (felsic) matrix]]

matter of Earth's oceanic crust, consisting of rocks rich in magnesium silicate minerals

experiment to determine the mean density of the Earth

relative abundance of elements in Earth's crust

marine research program in 1961

Group of alloys

is a Japanese scientific drilling ship built for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). The vessel is designed to ultimately drill beneath the seabed, where the Earth's crust is much thinner, and into the Earth's mantle, deeper than any other hole drilled in the ocean thus far.

geological structures of the Earth's mantle

oil-exploratory borehole in Washita County, Oklahoma, United States

model representing the average Earth properties as a function of planetary radius

overview about the lower mantle in Earth

predicts density vs depth in Earth

strongest part of the Earth's crust

seismic zone (geology)

deep borehole intersecting the San Andreas fault

organization