Superconductivity

Russian physicist (1916–2009)

Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist

thumb|A high-temperature superconductor levitating above a magnet. A persistent electric current flows on the surface of the superconductor, acting to exclude the magnetic field of the magnet (Meissner effect). This current effectively forms an electromagnet that repels the magnet.

American physicist (1930–2024)

expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state

quantum physical phenomenon

theory describing superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by a condensation of Cooper pairs into a boson-like state

pair of electrons or other fermions bound together at low temperature allowing for superconductivity

thumb|Sensing element of a SQUID, 2008

electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire

superconductivity theory

Electromagnetic equations describing superconductors

quantized unit of magnetic flux threading a loop in a bulk superconductor

type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor and a normal state material

distance to which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor

characterized by the formation of magnetic vortices in an applied magnetic field

Russian ceramics engineer

spectroscopy method employing microwaves

accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge

Dutch physicist (1886–1968)

vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957

energy storage technique

quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity

type of electrical conductor

type of superconductivity

magneto-thermic effect in metals

In physics, a fluxon is a quantum of electromagnetic flux. The term may have any of several related meanings.

device used for orientation based on quantum mechanics

quantum computing implementation

superconductive organic compound

sometimes called dimerization

superconductors whose ferromagnetism is related to their superconductivity

thumb|upright=0.8|Eigenenergies E_m(first three levels, m = 0, 1, 2) of the qubit Hamiltonian as a function of the effective offset charge n_g for different ratios E_J/E_c. Energies are given in units of the transition energy E_{01}, evaluated at the degeneracy point n_g = 0.5. The zero point of energy is chosen as the bottom of the m = 0 level. The charge qubit (small E_J / E_c, top) is normally operated at the n_g = 0.5 "sweet spot" where fluctuations cause less energy shift and the anharmonicity is maximal. Transmon (large E_J / E_c, bottom) energy levels are insensitive to fluctuations bu

different types of superconductors

alt=|thumb|293x293px|Atomic scale moiré pattern created by overlapping two skewed sheets of [[graphene, a hexagonal lattice composed of carbon atoms.]] Twistronics (from twist and electronics) is the study of how the angle (the twist) between layers of two-dimensional materials can change their electrical properties. Materials such as bilayer graphene have been shown to have vastly different electronic behavior, ranging from non-conductive to superconductive, that depends sensitively on the angle between the layers. The term was first introduced by the research group of Efthimios Kaxiras at Ha

A superinsulator is a material that at low but finite temperatures does not conduct electricity, i.e. has an infinite resistance so that no electric current passes through it. The phenomenon of superinsulation can be regarded as an exact dual to superconductivity.

A supercurrent is a superconducting current, that is, electric current which flows without dissipation in a superconductor. Under certain conditions, an electric current can also flow without dissipation in microscopically small non-superconducting metals. However, currents in such perfect conductors are not called supercurrents, but persistent currents.

digital electronic device that uses superconducting devices

Wikimedia list article

Mixed ion-electron conductor

characteristic length in a superconductor

phenomenon related to superconductivity

forbidden energy state in solid state physics

an ordered quantum fluid of electrons in a linear chain compound or layered crystal

thumb|right|A superconductor acts as an essentially perfect diamagnetic material when placed in a magnetic field and it excludes the field, and so the flux lines completely avoid the region